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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2020.4.9</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rehabilitation of elderly patients at risk of falling: the value of psychophysiological parameters and cognitive-motor training using virtual reality</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реабилитация пожилых пациентов с риском падения: значение психофизиологических показателей и когнитивно-моторных тренировок с применением виртуальной реальности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klochkov</surname><given-names>Anton S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клочков</surname><given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nastushkapal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khizhnikova</surname><given-names>Anastasia E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хижникова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nastushkapal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fuks</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фукс</surname><given-names>Анна Антоновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nastushkapal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov-Smolenskiy</surname><given-names>Artem M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов-Смоленский</surname><given-names>Артем Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nastushkapal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suponeva</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супонева</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nastushkapal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piradov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирадов</surname><given-names>Михаил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nastushkapal@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Klochkov A.S., Khizhnikova A.E., Fuks A.A., Kotov-Smolenskiy A.M., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Klochkov A.S., Khizhnikova A.E., Fuks A.A., Kotov-Smolenskiy A.M., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klochkov A.S., Khizhnikova A.E., Fuks A.A., Kotov-Smolenskiy A.M., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Klochkov A.S., Khizhnikova A.E., Fuks A.A., Kotov-Smolenskiy A.M., Suponeva N.A., Piradov M.A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/702">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/702</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to the slowing of the neurodynamic and cognitive processes, as well as changes in the musculoskeletal system that accompany aging, attention, reaction, and movement coordination are impaired in elderly patients. Decreased overall brain adaptability leads to an increased risk of falls and disability, thus reducing the age of active aging. According to the World Health Organization, 37.3 million falls occur annually that are not fatal but have serious consequences requiring medical attention. These falls are most common among people over the age of 65 years. An objective assessment of psychophysiological characteristics identified a correlation between the duration of simple and complex reactions and the risk of falls and served as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of balance retraining. Studies have shown that cognitive-motor training improves postural stability and functional performance in daily life. This type of training is widely used to rehabilitate patients with balance disorders, and virtual reality systems are increasingly being used in its implementation. There is a theory that the virtual environment can improve responses to rapid environmental changes, as well as modulate various characteristics of attention, spatiotemporal memory, and planning, which favorably affects postural function. This review describes the changes in psychophysiological parameters in the elderly, as well as balance retraining techniques using cognitive-motor training, including the use of virtual reality technology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вследствие замедления нейродинамических и когнитивных процессов, а также изменений опорно-двигательного аппарата в процессе старения происходит ухудшение внимания, реакции и нарушается координация движений. Уменьшение общей адаптивности головного мозга в пожилом и старческом возрасте ведет к увеличению риска падений и инвалидизации, снижая возраст активного долголетия. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, ежегодно происходит 37,3 млн падений, которые не являются смертельными, но имеют достаточно тяжелые последствия, при которых требуется медицинская помощь. Такие падения наиболее распространены среди людей в возрасте старше 65 лет. Объективная оценка психофизиологических характеристик позволила выявить связь времени простой и сложной реакций с риском падений, а также послужила инструментом оценки эффективности методик коррекции равновесия. Исследования показали, что когнитивно-моторная тренировка улучшает постуральную устойчивость и функциональные показатели повседневной жизни. Данный вид тренировки получил широкое распространение в реабилитации пациентов с нарушениями равновесия и все чаще для его реализации применяют системы виртуальной реальности. Существует предположение, что виртуальная среда может способствовать улучшению реакции на быструю смену обстановки, а также модулировать различные характеристики внимания, пространственно-временной памяти и планирования, что благоприятно сказывается на постуральных функциях. В обзоре описаны особенности изменения психофизиологических параметров у пожилых людей, а также методы коррекции нарушений равновесия с помощью когнитивно-моторных тренировок, в том числе с применением технологии виртуальной реальности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>old age</kwd><kwd>falls</kwd><kwd>cognitive-motor training</kwd><kwd>virtual reality</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пожилой возраст</kwd><kwd>падения</kwd><kwd>когнитивно-моторная тренировка</kwd><kwd>виртуальная реальность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Salthouse T.A. When does age-related cognitive decline begin? 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