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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">705</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2020.4.12</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical analysis</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинический разбор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A clinical case of fatal familial insomnia with a transient positive response to corticosteroids</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинический случай фатальной семейной бессонницы с преходящим положительным ответом на терапию кортикостероидами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpilyukova</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпилюкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>jshpilyukova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliverstov</surname><given-names>Yury A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиверстов</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>jshpilyukova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nuzhny</surname><given-names>Evgeniy P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нужный</surname><given-names>Евгений Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>jshpilyukova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Shpilyukova Y.A., Seliverstov Y.A., Nuzhny E.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Shpilyukova Y.A., Seliverstov Y.A., Nuzhny E.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shpilyukova Y.A., Seliverstov Y.A., Nuzhny E.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Shpilyukova Y.A., Seliverstov Y.A., Nuzhny E.P.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/705">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/705</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare genetic human prion disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance caused by a D178N mutation in the <italic>PRNP</italic> gene. FFI is characterized by a variable clinical presentation and subacute manifestation. The latter prompts to consider autoimmune encephalitis as a differential diagnosis in the diagnostically challenging patients. Here, we present a clinical case of FFI that was initially misdiagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis. A 26-year-old woman presented with rapid development of diverse neurological features, autonomic and endocrine disturbances, which initially were considered as manifestations of an autoimmune disease due to the lack of clear indications of positive family history. She was started on corticosteroids with temporary stabilization and even with a mild improvement for several months. Progressive deterioration of her symptoms with development of the psychiatric and cognitive impairment, as well as subsequently received additional information regarding positive family history, prompted us to perform a <italic>PRNP</italic> gene test that revealed a D178N mutation and confirmed an FFI diagnosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Фатальная семейная бессонница (ФСБ) является редким генетически обусловленным прионным заболеванием человека с аутосомно-доминантным типом наследования, связанным с мутацией D178N в гене <italic>PRNP</italic>. Оно характеризуется вариабельной клинической картиной и подострым развитием. В статье представлено клиническое наблюдение пациентки 26 лет с подостро дебютировавшей полиморфной неврологической симптоматикой, вегетативными и эндокринными нарушениями, которые первоначально, ввиду отсутствия четких указаний на отягощенность семейного анамнеза, были расценены как проявления аутоиммунного заболевания. На фоне проводимой иммунотерапии кортикостероидами отмечалась стабилизация состояния и даже некоторый положительный эффект в течение нескольких месяцев. В связи с последующим ухудшением состояния в виде развития психопродуктивной симптоматики и когнитивных нарушений, а также появлением дополнительной информации об отягощенности семейного анамнеза была выполнена ДНК-диагностика, выявившая мутацию D178N в гене <italic>PRNP</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fatal familial insomnia</kwd><kwd>corticosteroids</kwd><kwd>PRNP gene</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>autoimmune encephalitis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фатальная семейная бессонница</kwd><kwd>кортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>ген PRNP</kwd><kwd>дифференциальный диагноз</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный энцефалит</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>TakadaL.T., Kim M., Metcalf S.etal. Prion disease. 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