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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">708</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2021.4.3</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">EEG features in patients with Parkinson's disease during directional perception of olfactory stimuli</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности параметров ЭЭГ-активности у пациентов с болезнью Паркинсона при направленном восприятии обонятельных стимулов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-0474</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikov</surname><given-names>Sergey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевников</surname><given-names>Сергей Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of physiology, cell biology and biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н. доцент каф. физиологии, клеточной биологии и биотехнологии, Института естественных наук</p></bio><email>ksp55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6530-3497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Irina L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Ирина Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of neurology, neurosurgery and medical genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент каф. неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>ksp55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1319-9616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссарова</surname><given-names>Наталья Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of neurology, neurosurgery and medical genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. каф. неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>ksp55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7750-7235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubina</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>clinical resident, Department of neurology, neurosurgery and medical genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>ksp55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9623-6805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>Matvey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Матвей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, Institute of Natural Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент Института естественных наук</p></bio><email>ksp55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Udmurt State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Удмуртский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ижевская государственная медицинская академия»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-23"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Kozhevnikov S.P., Ivanova I.L., Komissarova N.V., Shubina A.V., Vlasov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Кожевников С.П., Иванова И.Л., Комиссарова Н.В., Шубина А.В., Власов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozhevnikov S.P., Ivanova I.L., Komissarova N.V., Shubina A.V., Vlasov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кожевников С.П., Иванова И.Л., Комиссарова Н.В., Шубина А.В., Власов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/708">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/708</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Olfactory dysfunction is considered to be an early and relatively important marker of Parkinson's disease (PD). Olfactory studies using objective neurophysiological methods may become one of the diagnostic tests to identify individuals with a high risk of developing PD.</p> <p>The <bold>aim</bold> of the study was to assess the spectral and topographic characteristics of bioelectrical brain activity in patients with PD during directional perception of olfactory stimuli.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This study included 30 patients with PD (mean age was 66.5 ± 6.5 years). The control group consisted of 20 people without PD (mean age was 65.3 ± 8.5 years). Lavender oil, clove oil, camphor oil and β-mercaptoethanol solution (an aversive stimulus) were used for olfactory stimulation, while distilled water was used as a control test. The test subject sat with their eyes closed and inhaled the presented smell for 30 seconds, while an EEG recording was made during this time.</p> <p><bold>Study results.</bold> Olfactory stimulation in patients with PD showed increased synchronicity of the α<sub>3</sub> rhythm in the right hemisphere, as well as the θ rhythm in the parieto-occipital regions of both hemispheres. These changes indicate significant activation of internal (endogenous) attention, increased overall, non-specific readiness potential, as well as the involvement of the limbic-reticular complex in olfactory perception. Olfactory perception in the control group was accompanied by reduction in the α<sub>1</sub> rhythm amplitude in the parieto-occipital regions bilaterally, which may indicate moderate activation of external (exogenous) attention and the posterior attention system responsible for simple perception processes.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Increased α<sub>3</sub> rhythm amplitude in the right hemisphere and increased θ rhythm amplitude, observed during directional olfactory perception, may indicate olfactory dysfunction and should be viewed as an additional indicator when establishing a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold><bold>.</bold> Нарушения обоняния рассматриваются в качестве раннего и достаточно важного маркёра болезни Паркинсона (БП). Исследование обоняния с применением объективных нейрофизиологических методов может стать одним из диагностических тестов, позволяющих выявлять лиц с высоким риском развития БП.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования — оценка спектральных и топографических характеристик биоэлектрической активности мозга у больных с БП при обонятельной стимуляции в условиях направленного внимания.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Обследовано 30 больных БП (средний возраст 66,5 ± 6,5 года). Контрольную группу составили 20 испытуемых, не страдающих БП (средний возраст 65,3 ± 8,5 года). Для обонятельной стимуляции использовали эфирные масла лаванды, гвоздики, камфоры и раствор меркаптоэтанола (аверсивный раздражитель), в качестве контроля — дистиллированную воду. Испытуемый в положении сидя с закрытыми глазами вдыхал предложенный запах в течение 30 с, в это время производилась запись ЭЭГ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты исследования.</bold> При восприятии обонятельных стимулов в группе больных БП наблюдалась повышенная синхронность α<sub>3</sub>-ритма в правом полушарии, а также θ-ритма в теменно-затылочных отделах обоих полушарий. Данные изменения указывают на значительную активацию функций внутреннего (эндогенного) внимания, повышения общей неспецифической мобилизационной готовности, а также на вовлечение в процесс восприятия запахов структур лимбико-ретикулярного комплекса. В контрольной группе восприятие запахов сопровождается снижением амплитуды α<sub>1</sub>-ритма в теменно-затылочных отделах левого и правого полушарий, что может указывать на умеренную активацию внешнего (экзогенного) внимания и «задней» системы внимания, реализующей процессы простого восприятия.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Таким образом, повышенная амплитуда α<sub>3</sub>-ритма в правом полушарии и увеличение амплитуды θ-ритма, наблюдаемые при направленном восприятии запахов, могут указывать на нарушение обонятельных функций и рассматриваться как дополнительные показатели при диагностике БП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>olfactory dysfunction</kwd><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd><kwd>electroencephalogram</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушения обоняния</kwd><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалограмма</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена на базе БУЗ УР «ГКБ № 9 МЗ УР» Центр болезни Паркинсона и расстройств движений, г. 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