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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">72</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic72</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Structural reorganization of the sciatic, peroneal, and tibial nerves during osteosynthesis of lower leg fracture and after fracture consolidation (an experimental study)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структурная реорганизация седалищного и берцовых нервов в период остеосинтеза перелома костей голени и после его консолидации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varsegova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варсегова</surname><given-names>T. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nshchudlo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchudlo</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щудло</surname><given-names>Н. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nshchudlo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchudlo</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щудло</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nshchudlo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nshchudlo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayfutdinov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайфутдинов</surname><given-names>M. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nshchudlo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical and Experimental Laboratory of Reconstructive and Restorative Microsurgeryand Hand Surgery, Ilizarov Russian Scientific Center of Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинико-экспериментальная лаборатория реконструктивно-восстановительной микрохирургии и хирургии кисти, ФГБУ «Российский научный центр «Восстановительная травматология и ортопедия» им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-03-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-01-31"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Varsegova T.N., Shchudlo N.A., Shchudlo M.M., Stepanov M.A., Sayfutdinov M.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Varsegova T.N., Shchudlo N.A., Shchudlo M.M., Stepanov M.A., Sayfutdinov M.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Varsegova T.N., Shchudlo N.A., Shchudlo M.M., Stepanov M.A., Sayfutdinov M.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Varsegova T.N., Shchudlo N.A., Shchudlo M.M., Stepanov M.A., Sayfutdinov M.S.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/72">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/72</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study purpose was to identify histological changes in the peripheral nerves and determine functional significance of subclinical neuropathy in experimental simulation of lower leg fractures. We simulated a tibial shaft fracture in 24 dogs under anesthesia and performed osteosynthesis using an Ilizarov apparatus. After 7, 14, 20, 35–37, and 50 days of fixation using the apparatus and 30, 60–90, and 120 days after removal of the apparatus, the dogs were euthanised. Electromyography was performed before fracture and within the main phases of the experiment. Samples of the sciatic, peroneal, and tibial nerves were studied histologically using computer morphometry of semithin araldite sections. After 37 days of fixation, the amplitude of M-responses of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles decreased by 70% compared to the baseline value, increased after removal of the apparatus, but not restored. There were no sighs of nerve damage by bone fragments or wires. The fraction of degenerating myelinated fibers in the studied nerves was less than 13%. Reorganization of the Remak bundles led to a temporary increase in the number density of nerve fibers. Along with axonal atrophy, the peroneal nerve was characterized by demyelination-remyelination, and the tibial nerve was characterized by hypermyelination. The dynamics of numerical density of endoneurial blood vessels was also different. Despite minor sharp degenerative changes in myelinated fibers, persistent axonal atrophy, demyelination, and retrograde changes were not compensated for up to 120 days after removal of the apparatus. Correlations between the morphometric parameters of myelinated fibers and the M-response amplitude indicated a causal role of subclinical neurological changes in functional outcomes of fractures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование нацелено на выявление гистологических изменений периферических нервов и определение функционального значения субклинической нейропатии при экспериментальном моделировании переломов костей голени. У 24 собак под наркозом моделировали перелом диафиза большеберцовой кости, выполняли остеосинтез аппаратом Илизарова. До перелома и в основные сроки опыта выполнена электромиография. Образцы седалищного, малоберцового и большеберцового нервов исследованы гистологически с применением компьютерной морфометрии полутонких аралдитных срезов. Амплитуда М-ответов передней большеберцовой и икроножной мышц через 37 дней фиксации снижалась на 70% по сравнению с исходной, возрастала после снятия аппарата, но не восстанавливалась. Признаков повреждения нервов костными фрагментами или спицами не было. Доля дегенерирующих миелинизированных волокон в исследованных нервах не превышала 13%. Реорганизация пучков Ремака приводила к временным повышениям численной плотности нервных волокон. Наряду с аксональной атрофией для малоберцового нерва была характерна демиелинизация–ремиелинизация, для большеберцового – гипермиелинизация. Динамика численной плотности эндоневральных кровеносных сосудов также различалась. Несмотря на незначительные острые дегенеративные изменения миелинизированных волокон, стойкие аксональная атрофия, дисмиелинизация и ретроградные изменения не компенсировались вплоть до 120 дней после снятия аппарата. Корреляции морфометрических параметров миелинизированных волокон и амплитуды М-ответов свидетельствовали о причинной роли субклинических неврологических изменений в функциональных исходах переломов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dogs</kwd><kwd>lower leg fractures</kwd><kwd>nerve fiber degeneration</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>собаки</kwd><kwd>переломы костей голени</kwd><kwd>дегенерация нервных волокон</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ерофеев С.А., Чикорина Н.К., Сайфутдинов М.С. 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