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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">721</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2021.1.2</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Changes in the in-hospital mortality due to stroke and factors affecting its reduction in the European Union, Middle East, USA, Canada, Ethiopia and China</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Динамика госпитальной летальности при инсульте и факторы, повлиявшие на её снижение в странах Евросоюза, Ближнего Востока, в Америке, Канаде, Эфиопии и Китае</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vozniuk</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вознюк</surname><given-names>Игорь Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>airty@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Elena M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Елена Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>airty@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорова</surname><given-names>Мария Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>airty@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute оf Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-24"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Vozniuk I.A., Morozova E.M., Prokhorova M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Vozniuk I.A., Morozova E.M., Prokhorova M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vozniuk I.A., Morozova E.M., Prokhorova M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Vozniuk I.A., Morozova E.M., Prokhorova M.V.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/721">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/721</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> While a specialized healthcare system is being developed for patients with stroke, early in-hospital mortality has been rightly chosen as a target indicator. It integrally reflects the correctness of organizational decisions, the completeness and quality of the diagnostic process, the availability of help, and factors relating to patient comorbidities.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To gather information reflecting the level of the in-hospital mortality due to stroke and factors leading to its reduction.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>PubMed was used to search the Medline database with the keywords ‘mortality rate’, ‘in-hospital mortality’, ‘stroke’, and ‘prediction’. The review included sources in any language from the year 2000 to the present if the full text was available online. Most of the statistical data were obtained from national stroke registries. </p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Direct indicators of the percentage of in-hospital mortality varied significantly between different countries, precluding direct comparison. In-hospital mortality varied significantly and depended on clinical features and healthcare administration, including hospitals’ size and their level. A change in the in-hospital mortality was reported in 9 out of 22 reports and enabled us to track the degree of its reduction. The mean rate of reduction was 0.36% per year. Faster changes in this parameter were typical for ischaemic stroke and accompanied the implementation and expansion of cerebrovascular surgery centers with dedicated stroke units. We identified ‘modifiable’ and ‘non-modifiable’ factors that influence in-hospital mortality in stroke patients.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> To more accurately evaluate the role of factors affecting in-hospital mortality in different countries, a meta-analysis is required, which would consider the regional organizational features, the availability of trained specialists at cerebrovascular surgery centers, and the degree of population awareness. The most consistent predictors of the in-hospital mortality were age, stroke type, stroke location, level of consciousness according to the Glasgow Coma Scale, stroke severity as measured by the NIHSS, and comorbidities. Factors that can reduce in-hospital mortality rates include population awareness, increased availability of ICU beds for stroke patients, telehealth, monitoring for late complications, and primary prevention.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> На современном этапе развития системы специализированной медицинской помощи пациентам с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) ранняя госпитальная летальность справедливо выбрана в качестве целевого индикатора. Она интегрально отражает правильность организационных решений, полноту и качество диагностического процесса, доступность помощи и коморбидные особенности пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Поиск сведений, отражающих уровень внутрибольничной летальности при ОНМК, и факторов, повлиявших на её снижение.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Поиск информации осуществлялся в базе данных Medline посредством электронной поисковой системы PubMed по ключевым словам «mortality rate», «in-hospital mortality», «stroke», «prediction». В обзор включались источники на любом языке с 2000 г. по настоящее время, имеющие полнотекстовую версию в онлайн-доступе. Большая часть статистических данных получена из национальных регистров пациентов с инсультом.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Прямые показатели доли госпитальной летальности существенно различались в разных странах, что не позволило использовать метод прямого сравнения. Госпитальная летальность существенно изменялась и зависела от клинических особенностей и организации помощи, в том числе от уровня и размера больниц. Динамика изменений госпитальной летальности, отражённая в 9 отчетах из 22, позволила отследить степень снижения этого показателя. Средняя скорость снижения составила 0,36% в год. Более быстрые изменения данного параметра были характерны для ишемического типа ОНМК и сопутствовали внедрению и расширению сети сосудистых центров для ОНМК с обязательным отделением «stroke units». Нами выделены «модифицируемые» и «немодифицируемые» факторы, определяющие госпитальную летальность у пациентов с ОНМК.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Для более точной оценки роли факторов, влияющих на изменение госпитальной летальности в различных странах, требуется проведение метаанализа, который бы учитывал локальные организационные особенности, наличие подготовленных кадров для сосудистых центров, степень информированности населения. Наиболее устойчивыми предикторами причин госпитальной летальности являются возраст, тип инсульта, локализация поражения, уровень сознания по Шкале комы Глазго, тяжесть инсульта по NIHSS, коморбидность. К факторам, способствующим снижению доли госпитальной летальности, относятся информированность населения, повышение доступности интенсивных коек для пациентов с ОНМК, телемедицина, контроль за развитием поздних осложнений, первичная профилактика.<bold> </bold></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebrovascular accident</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>in-hospital mortality</kwd><kwd>cerebrovascular pathology</kwd><kwd>ischaemic stroke</kwd><kwd>hospitalization</kwd><kwd>prognostic scale</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>госпитальная летальность</kwd><kwd>цереброваскулярная патология</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>госпитализация</kwd><kwd>прогностическая шкала</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piradov M.A., Gulevskaya T.S., Gnedovskaya E.V., et al. 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