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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">748</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25692/ACEN.2021.2.8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The pharmacogenomics of lamotrigine (a literature review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фармакогеномика ламотриджина (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Azhigova</surname><given-names>Asya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ажигова</surname><given-names>Ася Магометовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>asjotr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Broutian</surname><given-names>Amayak G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брутян</surname><given-names>Амаяк Грачевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>asjotr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>Pavel N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Павел Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>asjotr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Azhigova A.M., Broutian A.G., Vlasov P.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Azhigova A.M., Broutian A.G., Vlasov P.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Azhigova A.M., Broutian A.G., Vlasov P.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Azhigova A.M., Broutian A.G., Vlasov P.N.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/748">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/748</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pharmacogenomics aims to optimize drug therapy with respect to genetic variations in various human genes, whose products affect drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Among neurological diseases, selecting effective drug therapy is especially important in epilepsy since recurrent epileptic seizures can lead to persistent epileptic brain activity and patient traumatization.</p> <p>Lamotrigine is a new generation broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug and is recommended as the drug of choice in focal and generalized epilepsy. By genotyping single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with decreased or increased lamotrigine blood concentration, predicting the drug dose that will achieve the therapeutic serum concentration is possible. Selecting an appropriate individual drug dose avoids the development of dose-dependent side effects, which occur when the serum drug concentration is exceeded and drug discontinuation due to a lack of the expected effect because of insufficient blood levels.</p> <p>This review presents the results of studies of the polymorphism in genes that directly or indirectly alter lamotrigine serum levels. These include genes that encode the UGT enzymes, responsible for the conjugation and elimination of lamotrigine from the body; genes that encode transport proteins (P-glycoprotein, organic cation transporter, multidrug resistance protein, and breast cancer resistance protein); genes that encode the transcription factors HNF4α and pregnane X receptor, which regulate the expression of several liver transport proteins and enzymes. The reviewed data demonstrate the relationship between polymorphisms in these genes and changes in lamotrigine concentration.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью фармакогеномики является оптимизация лекарственной терапии с учётом генетических вариаций в составе генов человека, продукты которых влияют на фармакокинетику и фармакодинамику лекарственных препаратов. Среди заболеваний неврологического профиля подбор эффективного препарата особенно важен в лечении эпилепсии, т.к. повторяющиеся эпилептические приступы чреваты формированием устойчивой эпилептической системы и травматизацией пациента.</p> <p>Ламотриджин является противоэпилептическим препаратом нового поколения широкого спектра действия, рекомендуется в качестве препарата выбора в терапии фокальных и генерализованных эпилепсий. При генотипировании однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов, ассоциированных с понижением или повышением концентрации ламотриджина в крови, представляется возможным прогнозирование дозы препарата, обеспечивающей терапевтическую концентрацию препарата в крови. Подбор адекватной индивидуальной дозы препарата позволит избежать развития дозозависимых побочных явлений, возникающих при превышении концентрации препарата в крови, а также отмены препарата ввиду отсутствия ожидаемого эффекта при его недостаточной концентрации в крови.</p> <p>В настоящем обзоре приведены результаты исследований полиморфизмов генов, напрямую или опосредованно изменяющих концентрацию ламотриджина в крови. Среди них гены, кодирующие ферменты семейства UGT, ответственные за конъюгацию и выведение ламотриджина из организма; гены, кодирующие транспортные белки (P-гликопротеин, органический катионный транспортёр, белок множественной лекарственной резистентности и белок резистентности рака молочной железы); гены, кодирующие факторы транскрипции HNF4α и Pregnane-X-Receptor, регулирующие экспрессию ряда транспортных белков и ферментов печени. Приведённые данные демонстрируют взаимосвязь между носительством полиморфизмов указанных генов и изменением концентрации ламотриджина.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>pharmacogenomics</kwd><kwd>antiepileptic drugs</kwd><kwd>lamotrigine</kwd><kwd>single-nucleotide polymorphism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>фармакогеномика</kwd><kwd>антиэпилептические препараты</kwd><kwd>ламотриджин</kwd><kwd>однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Vogel F. Moderne probleme der Humangenetik. Ergeb Inn Med Kinderheilkd. 1959; 12: 52–125.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Lander E.S., Linton L.M., Birren B. et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 2001; 409(6822):860-921. DOI: 10.1038/35057062. 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