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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">78</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/psaic78</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A genome editing technology and capabilities of its application in cellular neurobiology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Технология редактирования генома и возможности ее применения в клеточной нейробиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetchinova</surname><given-names>А. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ветчинова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалова</surname><given-names>E. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lunev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лунев</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corr. Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director, Head, Department for brain research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., член-корр. РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, рук. отдела исследований мозга</p></bio><email>snillario@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-01-31"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Vetchinova A.S., Konovalova E.V., Lunev E.A., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Vetchinova A.S., Konovalova E.V., Lunev E.A., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vetchinova A.S., Konovalova E.V., Lunev E.A., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Vetchinova A.S., Konovalova E.V., Lunev E.A., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/78">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/78</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A number of fundamental breakthroughs in cellular and molecular biology provided the basis for several modern sophisticated approaches to modeling of human neurological (primarily neurodegenerative) diseases. In particular, targeted genome editing by artificial nuclease systems (CRISPR/CAS9, etc.) enables a highly specific correction of genetic defects at the cellular level. An especially promising area is application of the genome editing technology in specialized neurons and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from fibroblasts of patients with inherited forms of neurodegeneration by cell reprogramming. The article provides a brief analysis of programmable nuclease systems and describes mechanisms of their activity as well as advantages, disadvantages, and capabilities of their applications in modeling and correction of neurodegenerative diseases. The authors generalize their own experience in cellular modeling of the PARK2 type of Parkinson’s disease on the culture of dopaminergic neurons differentiated from iPSCs. The article provides preliminary data related to the capability of editing the cellular genome at mutant sites PARK2.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время благодаря серии фундаментальных открытий в клеточной и молекулярной биологии появилось несколько высокотехнологичных подходов к моделированию неврологических (в первую очередь нейродегенеративных) заболеваний человека. Среди них – направленное геномное редактирование с помощью искусственных нуклеазных систем (CRISPR/CAS9 и др.), позволяющее осуществлять высокоспецифичное исправление генетических дефектов на уровне клеток. Особенно перспективным представляется применение технологии геномного редактирования на специализированных нейронах и индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клетках (ИПСК), получаемых из фибробластов больных с наследственными формами нейродегенерации в результате клеточного репрограммирования. В статье проводится краткий анализ систем программируемых нуклеаз, рассматриваются механизмы их работы, преимущества, недостатки и возможности применения в моделировании и коррекции нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Обобщен собственный опыт в клеточном моделировании PARK2-формы болезни Паркинсона на культуре дофаминергических нейронов, дифференцированных из ИПСК. Представлены предварительные данные, связанные с возможностью редактирования генома клеток в мутантных сайтах PARK2.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pluripotent stem cells</kwd><kwd>genome editing, CRISPR/CAS9</kwd><kwd>experimental neurobiology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плюрипотентные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>редактирование генома</kwd><kwd>CRISPR/CAS9</kwd><kwd>экспериментальная нейробиология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Богомазова А.Н., Васина Е.М., Киселев С.Л. и др. 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