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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">816</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2022.3.4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of tumor necrosis factor α on the structure of brain networks and cognitive functions in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние фактора некроза опухоли α на организацию нейронных сетей и когнитивные функции больных хронической ишемией мозга</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2915-9384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>Vitaliy F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>Виталий Федорович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., principal researcher, Laboratory of age-related physiology of the brain and neurocybernetics, Brain Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., проф., г.н.с. лаб. возрастной физиологии мозга и нейрокибернетики Института мозга</p></bio><email>fvf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-7775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalina</surname><given-names>Аlla A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалина</surname><given-names>Алла Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Head, Department of laboratory diagnostics, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., в.н.с., зав. отделом лабораторной диагностики Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>ashabalina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-0775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Наталия Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), principal researcher, Head, Laboratory of age-related physiology of the brain and neurocybernetics, Brain Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., г.н.с., зав. лаб. возрастной физиологии мозга и нейрокибернетики Института мозга</p></bio><email>ponomare@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>Rodion N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Родион Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Department of radiation diagnostics, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с. отд. лучевой диагностики Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>krn_74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3887-0418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedev</surname><given-names>Roman B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведев</surname><given-names>Роман Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher, 1<sup>st</sup> Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. 1-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>medvedev-roman@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-4991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagoda</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагода</surname><given-names>Ольга Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, 1<sup>st</sup> Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с. 1-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>olga.lagoda@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-4554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotenkova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротенкова</surname><given-names>Марина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of radiation diagnostics, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. отделением лучевой диагностики Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>krotenkova_mrt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-8119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tanashyan</surname><given-names>Marine M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Танашян</surname><given-names>Маринэ Мовсесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corr. Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy director of science, Head, 1<sup>st</sup> Neurology department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., член-корреспондент РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, рук. 1-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>m_tanashyan2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Fokin V.F., Shabalina А.A., Ponomareva N.V., Konovalov R.N., Medvedev R.B., Lagoda O.V., Krotenkova M.V., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Фокин В.Ф., Шабалина А.А., Пономарева Н.В., Коновалов Р.Н., Медведев Р.Б., Лагода О.В., Кротенкова М.В., Танашян М.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fokin V.F., Shabalina А.A., Ponomareva N.V., Konovalov R.N., Medvedev R.B., Lagoda O.V., Krotenkova M.V., Tanashyan M.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фокин В.Ф., Шабалина А.А., Пономарева Н.В., Коновалов Р.Н., Медведев Р.Б., Лагода О.В., Кротенкова М.В., Танашян М.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/816">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/816</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Introduction.</italic></bold> The processes of cognitive decline, which are typical for elderly and senile people, as well as for patients with chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency, involve pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, etc.</p> <p>The <bold><italic>aim</italic></bold> of this work was to study the association of TNF-α with brain network structure and cognitive functions in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI).</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods.</italic></bold> We examined 101 patients with CCI (50–85 years old, men and women) who were assessed for the saliva levels of TNF-α during cognitive testing. The status of resting-state networks was analyzed in 55 patients using functional magnetic resonance therapy.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> After cognitive tasks, the saliva level of TNF-α increased by 17.6 ± 6.2 pg/mL. Half of the CCI patients older than 60 years showed a significant increase in the level of TNF-α. This cytokine correlated with delayed word recall and the ratio of delayed recall to their performance on the Luria Memory Words Test. The change in TNF-α saliva levels correlated with the status of the resting-state network, mainly with the salience network. An increase in TNF-α levels was associated with a higher frequency of negative correlations than at lower values of TNF-α (less than 80 pg/mL). TNF-α-sensitive connectivities correlated with cognitive tasks, not only memory tests, but also with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale, verbal fluency test scores, etc.</p> <p><bold><italic>Discussion.</italic></bold> The study revealed two significant facts: an increase in the TNF-α saliva level during cognitive performance and a lower success rate of cognitive performance associated with an increase in the levels of this cytokine. The central mechanism for the implementation of this relationship includes the restructuring of the salience network, namely the additional increase of negative correlations within the connective structure of the salience neural network of the right hemisphere.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusions.</italic></bold> A change in the saliva level of TNF-α affects the connectivity of resting-state networks, mainly the salience network</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение.</italic></bold> Процессы когнитивного снижения, характерные для лиц пожилого и старческого возраста, а также для больных с хронической сосудистой недостаточностью, происходят с участием провоспалительных цитокинов, таких как фактор некроза опухоли-α (ФНО-α), интерлейкин-6 и др.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold> работы — изучить ассоциацию ФНО-α c организацией нейросетей и когнитивных функций у больных с хронической ишемией мозга (ХИМ).</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> Обследован 101 больной с ХИМ (50–85 лет, мужчины и женщины), у которых оценивали содержание ФНО-α в слюне во время выполнения когнитивных тестов. У 55 больных изучали состояние нейросетей покоя с помощью функциональной магнитно-резонансной терапии.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> После выполнения когнитивных тестов содержание ФНО-α в слюне увеличивалось на 17,6 ± 6,2 пг/мл. У половины больных с ХИМ старше 60 лет отмечен значительный рост уровня ФНО-α. Этот цитокин коррелировал с отсроченным воспроизведением слов и отношением отсроченного воспроизведения к непосредственному выполнению теста Лурия на вербальную память. Изменение содержания ФНО-α в слюне синхронизировано с состоянием нейросетей покоя, главным образом с салиентной сетью. Рост уровня ФНО-α сопровождался появлением большего числа негативных коннективностей, чем при более низких значениях ФНО-α (менее 80 пг/мл). Коннективности, чувствительные к ФНО-α, коррелировали с когнитивными тестами — не только мнестическими, но и с Монреальской шкалой оценки когнитивных функций, показателями теста вербальной беглости и др.</p> <p><bold><italic>Обсуждение.</italic></bold> В работе найдены два существенных факта: увеличение содержания ФНО-α в слюне при выполнении когнитивных функций и снижение успешности выполнения когнитивных функций с ростом этого цитокина. Центральный механизм реализации этой закономерности включает перестройку салиентной сети: появление дополнительного числа негативных связей внутри коннективной организации салиентной нейросети правого полушария.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Изменение содержания ФНО-α в слюне влияет на коннективность нейросетей покоя, главным образом на салиентную сеть.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tumor necrosis factor</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>cognitive function</kwd><kwd>saliva</kwd><kwd>connectivity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фактор некроза опухоли</kwd><kwd>нейросети</kwd><kwd>когнитивная функция</kwd><kwd>слюна</kwd><kwd>коннективность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Суслина З.А., Иллариошкин С.Н., Пирадов М.А. Неврология и нейронауки — прогноз развития. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2007; 1(1): 5–9. 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