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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">817</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2022.3.7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">High-dose immunosuppressive therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: approaches to risk management</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Высокодозная иммуносупрессивная терапия с аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток при рассеянном склерозе: перспективы снижения рисков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-2482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polushin</surname><given-names>Alexey Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полушин</surname><given-names>Алексей Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Chief, Chemotherapy and SCT department for cancer and AID, Head, Laboratory of neurooncology and AID, R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute, Associate Professor, Department of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-невролог, рук. отд. химиотерапии и трансплантации костного мозга при онкологических и аутоиммунных заболеваниях , зав. лаб. нейроонкологии и аутоиммунных заболеваний НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р.М. Горбачевой, доцент каф. неврологии</p></bio><email>alexpolushin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3881-4486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalyalov</surname><given-names>Yuri R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залялов</surname><given-names>Юрий Ринатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head, Chemotherapy and SCT unit for cancer and AID</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-гематолог, зав. блоком химиотерапии и трансплантации костного мозга при онкологических и аутоиммунных заболеваниях</p></bio><email>yz21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-8203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolyan</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Наталья Агафоновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор каф. неврологии</p></bio><email>ntotolyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-4136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagin</surname><given-names>Alexander D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагин</surname><given-names>Александр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Director, R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute, Head, Professor, B.V. Afanasyev Department of hematology, transfusion medicine and transplantation with the course of pediatric oncology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., директор НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р.М. Горбачевой, зав. каф. гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии с курсом детской онкологии ФПО им. профессора Б.В. Афанасьева</p></bio><email>kulagingem@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-3110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skoromets</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоромец</surname><given-names>Александр Анисимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of RAS, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, зав. каф. неврологии</p></bio><email>askoromets@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Polushin A.Y., Zalyalov Y.R., Totolyan N.A., Kulagin A.D., Skoromets A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Полушин А.Ю., Залялов Ю.Р., Тотолян Н.А., Кулагин А.Д., Скоромец А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polushin A.Y., Zalyalov Y.R., Totolyan N.A., Kulagin A.D., Skoromets A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полушин А.Ю., Залялов Ю.Р., Тотолян Н.А., Кулагин А.Д., Скоромец А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/817">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/817</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Introduction. </italic></bold>High-dose immunosuppressive therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HDIT/AHSCT) is a promising and effective method for treating immune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The frequency and severity of adverse effects from therapy have decreased significantly over the last 20 years due to a reduction in conditioning regimen intensity, changes in patient selection, and the accumulated experience of the transplantation centres.</p> <p>Study<bold><italic> aim</italic></bold>: to analyse the published data on HDIT/AHSCT complications in MS and ways to reduce their risk.</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods.</italic></bold> We analysed and summarized the research findings regarding conditioning regimen protocols for HDIT/AHSCT, early and late complications, and risk factors associated with treatment recipients.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> HDIT/AHSCT may have a wide range of serious complications. However, the shift to less intense conditioning regimens and stricter patient selection criteria have minimized adverse events. The latest moderate-intensity protocols may be less effective than high-intensity protocols, but their timely use may provide the maximum benefit to people with MS refractory to standard treatment. HDIT/AHSCT cannot be the method of choice for all categories of patients with MS, because expectations may not be met due to the significant risk of complications, in particular, in cases of long-term disease, significant neurological deficit, and no disease activity. The maximum effect should be expected in early or emergency HDIT/AHSCT.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion.</italic></bold> This information can be used to justify further expansion of the medical assistance provided to patients with MS in the Russian Federation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение.</italic></bold> Высокодозная иммуносупрессивная терапия с аутологичной трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ВИСТ-АТГСК) является перспективным и эффективным методом лечения аутоиммунных заболеваний, в том числе рассеянного склероза. За последние 20 лет значимо уменьшились частота и выраженность нежелательных явлений терапии за счёт снижения интенсивности режимов кондиционирования, изменения принципов отбора пациентов и накопления опыта трансплантационных центров.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold> исследования — проанализировать данные научных публикаций по осложнениям ВИСТ-АТГСК при рассеянном склерозе и факторам снижения риска их возникновения.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы. </italic></bold>Проанализированы и обобщены данные научной литературы по вопросам протоколов режимов кондиционирования при ВИСТ-АТГСК, ранних и отдалённых осложнений и факторов риска, связанных с профилем реципиента терапии.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Метод ВИСТ-АТГСК может иметь широкий спектр значимых осложнений. Однако переход к использованию режимов кондиционирования сниженной интенсивности и более качественный отбор пациентов привели к минимизации нежелательных явлений. Современные протоколы средней интенсивности могут быть менее эффективными, чем протоколы высокой интенсивности, но своевременное их применение может оказать максимальную пользу лицам с рефрактерным к стандартной терапии течением рассеянного склероза. ВИСТ-АТГСК не может быть методом выбора для всех категорий пациентов с рассеянным склерозом, поскольку при существующих рисках осложнений ожидания могут быть не оправданы — в частности, в случаях с длительным стажем заболевания, выраженным неврологическим дефицитом и отсутствием активности процесса. Максимальный эффект можно ожидать в случае проведения экстренной или ранней ВИСТ-АТГСК.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Информация может быть использована для последующего обоснования расширения возможностей оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с рассеянным склерозом в Российской Федерации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HDIT/AHSCT</kwd><kwd>high-dose immunosuppressive therapy</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cells</kwd><kwd>transplantation</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>infections</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИСТ-АТГСК</kwd><kwd>высокодозная иммуносупрессивная терапия</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>гемопоэтические стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>трансплантация</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>инфекции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Saccardi R., Kozak T., Bocelli-Tyndall C. et al. 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