<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">821</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2022.2.4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Stroke before a haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential risk factor for poor response to therapy in patients with blood cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инсульт перед трансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток — возможный фактор риска неблагоприятного исхода терапии пациентов с онкогематологическими заболеваниями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-2482</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57195962540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polushin</surname><given-names>Alexey Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полушин</surname><given-names>Алексей Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Chief of the chemotherapy and SCT unit for cancer and AID, Head, Laboratory of neurooncology and AID, Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Associate Professor, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-невролог, рук. отд. химиотерапии и ТКМ при онкологических и аутоиммунных заболеваниях, зав. научно-исследовательской лаборатории нейроонкологии и аутоиммунных заболеваний НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой, доцент кафедры неврологии</p></bio><email>alexpolushin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-1032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skiba</surname><given-names>Iaroslav B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скиба</surname><given-names>Ярослав Богданович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Associate Professor, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-невролог НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>yaver-99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-4348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakin</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакин</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.), senior researcher, Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Associate Professor, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., с.н.с. НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>eugene.bakin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0215-4623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladovskaya</surname><given-names>Maria D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владовская</surname><given-names>Мария Давидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of hospital registers, senior researcher, Laboratory of neurooncology and AID, Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Associate Professor, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. отд. госпитальных регистров клиники, с.н.с. научно-исследовательской лаборатории нейроонкологии и аутоиммунных заболеваний НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой</p></bio><email>rus-bmt-reg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4332-0114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseev</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеев</surname><given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for science, Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Professor, Professor B.V. Afanasyev Department of hematology, transfusion medicine and transplantation with the course of pediatric oncology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зам. директора по научной работе НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой, профессор кафедры гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии с курсом детской онкологии ФПО им. проф. Б.В. Афанасьева</p></bio><email>moisiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0340-4110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voznyuk</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вознюк</surname><given-names>Игорь Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director, professor, Department of neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф. каф. неврологии, зам. директора по научной работе</p></bio><email>voznjouk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-4136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagin</surname><given-names>Alexander D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагин</surname><given-names>Александр Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Director, Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Head, Professor B.V. Afanasyev Department of Hematology, Transfusion Medi- cine and Transplantation with the Course of Pediatric Oncology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., директор НИИ детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии имени Р.М. Горбачевой, заведующий кафедрой гематологии, трансфузиологии и трансплантологии с курсом детской онкологии ФПО им. профессора Б.В. Афанасьева</p></bio><email>kulagingem@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-17"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-02"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Polushin A.Y., Skiba I.B., Bakin E.A., Vladovskaya M.D., Moiseev I.S., Voznyuk I.A., Kulagin A.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Полушин А.Ю., Скиба Я.Б., Бакин Е.А., Владовская М.Д., Моисеев И.С., Вознюк И.А., Кулагин А.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polushin A.Y., Skiba I.B., Bakin E.A., Vladovskaya M.D., Moiseev I.S., Voznyuk I.A., Kulagin A.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полушин А.Ю., Скиба Я.Б., Бакин Е.А., Владовская М.Д., Моисеев И.С., Вознюк И.А., Кулагин А.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/821">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/821</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Introduction.</italic></bold> More than 50,000 haematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) are performed worldwide each year to treat malignant blood cancers, solid tumours, bone marrow aplasia, primary immunodeficiency conditions, autoimmune disorders, and storage disorders. The success of HSCTs depends on many factors, including patient's past medical history.</p> <p><bold><italic>Purpose.</italic></bold> To assess the effect of an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) that occurred before the HSCT on the transplantation outcome in patients with blood cancer.</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods.</italic></bold> We examined the results of 899 transplantations conducted between 2016 and 2018 at the R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Haematology and Transplantation of the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. We analysed transplantation parameters, as well as donor and recipient characteristics. Apart from intergroup comparisons, pseudo-randomization was performed using the Propensity Score Matching method. The survival rate analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier estimate and the log rank test.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> Sixteen patients (1.8%) had cerebrovascular events in their past history before the HSCT: ischaemic stroke in 0.4% of cases and haemorrhagic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage in 1.4% of cases. Patients with a history of cerebrovascular events included more people with leukaemia (p = 0.02), had more often received an allogenic transplant (р = 0.01), the donors more often had a partial rather than a full HLA match with the recipient (р = 0.06), had a lower body mass index (р = 0.02), and a lower Karnofsky/Lansky score (р = 0.01) than patients in the control group. The presence of a cardiovascular event had a statistically significant association with reduced overall survival rate of HSCT recipients (р = 0.0012).</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion.</italic></bold> Patients with blood cancer and stroke preceding the transplantation do not typically have any 'classical' risk factors (diabetes mellitus, venous system disorders, decreased cardiac output, significant atherosclerotic changes in precerebral arteries), therefore, secondary prevention guidelines for CVA during treatment of the main disease may not be effective and cannot be relied on. This article discusses the most likely causes of CVA in patients with blood cancer. A history of CVA before HSCT may have a significant effect on the transplantation outcome, but is not a contraindication for this treatment method. Recipient selection is a very important stage in HSCT planning. A multidisciplinary team should find a balance between the indications and contraindications for performing HSCT from an unrelated donor.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение.</italic></bold> Ежегодно в мире выполняется более 50 тыс. трансплантаций гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) при злокачественных заболеваниях системы крови, солидных опухолях, аплазиях кроветворения, первичных иммунодефицитах, аутоиммунных заболеваниях и болезнях накопления. Успешность ТГСК зависит от многих факторов, в том числе от анамнеза пациента.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold> исследования — оценить влияние перенесённого до ТГСК острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) на исход трансплантации у пациентов с онкогематологическими заболеваниями.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы. </italic></bold>Изучены результаты 899 трансплантаций, проведённых в НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р.М. Горбачевой ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова в 2016–2018 гг. Анализировали параметры трансплантации, характеристики донора и реципиента. Помимо сравнения признаков между группами, проводилась псевдорандомизация с помощью метода Propensity Score Matching. Анализ выживаемости проводили с помощью метода Каплана–Майера и логрангового теста.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> У 16 (1,8%) пациентов в анамнезе до ТГСК выявлены цереброваскулярные события: 0,4% случаев — ишемический инсульт, 1,4% — геморрагический инсульт или внутричерепное кровоизлияние. В группе пациентов с цереброваскулярными событиями в анамнезе в сравнении с группой пациентов без таковых было больше пациентов с лейкозами (р = 0,02), чаще выполнялась аллогенная трансплантация (р = 0,01), доноры чаще имели частичную, а не полную совместимость с реципиентом по HLA-системе (р = 0,06), более низкие индекс массы тела (р = 0,02) и индекс Карновского/Ланского (р = 0,01). Наличие цереброваскулярного события было значимо ассоциировано со снижением общей выживаемости реципиентов ТГСК (р = 0,0012).</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение. </italic></bold>Для онкогематологических пациентов с инсультом перед трансплантацией не характерны «классические» факторы риска (сахарный диабет, заболевания венозной системы, сниженный сердечный выброс, выраженный атеросклероз прецеребральных артерий), что не в полной мере позволяет рассчитывать на потенциальную эффективность рекомендаций по вторичной профилактике ОНМК на этапе лечения основного заболевания. В статье обсуждаются наиболее вероятные причины ОНМК у онкогематологических пациентов. ОНМК в анамнезе перед ТГСК может оказывать значимое влияние на исход трансплантации, но не является противопоказанием для данного метода лечения. Селекция реципиентов является очень важным этапом при планировании ТГСК и требует междисциплинарного поиска баланса между показаниями и противопоказаниями к проведению неродственной ТГСК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>ischaemic stroke</kwd><kwd>haemorrhagic stroke</kwd><kwd>treatment complications in haematological disorders</kwd><kwd>leukaemia</kwd><kwd>allogenic transplantation</kwd><kwd>long-term neurological complications</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>геморрагический инсульт</kwd><kwd>осложнения лечения гематологических заболеваний</kwd><kwd>лейкоз</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация</kwd><kwd>продолжительные неврологические осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Niederwieser D., Baldomero H., Bazuaye N. et al. One and a half million hematopoietic stem cell transplants: continuous and differential improvement in worldwide access with the use of non-identical family donors. Haematologica. 2022; 107(5): 1045–1053. DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279189</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Passweg J.R., Baldomero H., Chabannon C. et al. European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapy survey of the EBMT: monitoring of activities and trends over 30 years. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2021; 56(7): 1651–1664. DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01227-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Скиба Я.Б., Полушин А.Ю., Прокудин М.Ю., и др. Остро возникшие симптоматические эпилептические приступы при проведении трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. 2021; 13 (1): 65–82. Skiba Ya.B., Polushin А.Yu., Prokudin М.Yu. et al. Acute symptomatic seizures during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions. 2021; 13(1): 65–82. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2021.049</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Афанасьев Б.В., Зубаровская Л.С., Алянский А.Л. и др. Выбор донора при аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии. 2016; 3(3): 30–36. Afanasiev B.V., Zubarovskaya L.S., Alyanskiy A.L. et al. Selection of donor of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. 2016; 3(3): 30–36. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17650/2311-1267-2016-3-3-30-36</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Sorror M.L., Maris M.B., Storb R. et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)-specific comorbidity index: a new tool for risk assessment before allogeneic HCT. Blood. 2005; 106(8): 2912–2919. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-05-2004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Sorror M.L., Storb R.F., Sandmaier B.M. et al. Comorbidity-age index: a clinical measure of biologic age before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. J. Clin. Oncol. 2014; 32(29): 3249–3256. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.53.8157</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Cestari D.M., Weine D.M., Panageas K.S. et al. Stroke in patients with cancer: incidence and etiology. Neurology. 2004; 62(11): 2025–2030. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000129912.56486.2b</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Nguyen T., DeAngelis L.M. Stroke in cancer patients. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 2006; 6(3): 187–192. DOI: 10.1007/s11910-006-0004-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Coplin W.M., Cochran M.S., Levine S.R. et al. Stroke after bone marrow transplantation: frequency, aetiology and outcome. Brain. 2001; 124(Pt 5): 1043–1051. DOI: 10.1093/brain/124.5.1043</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Horowitz N., Brenner B. Thrombophilia and cancer. Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb. 2008; 36(3–4): 131–136. DOI: 10.1159/000175151</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Piatkowska-Jakubas B., Krawczyk-Kuliś M., Giebel S. et al. Use of L-asparaginase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: recommendations of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group. Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 2008; 118(11): 664–669.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Щугарева Л.М., Иова А.С., Иванова О.В., и др. Неврологические осложнения при острой лейкемии у детей. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2014; 8(4): 60–68. DOI: 10.17816/psaic161 Shchugareva L.M., Iova A.S., Ivanova O.V. et al. Neurological complications in acute leukemia in children. Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2014; 8(4): 60–68. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17816/psaic161</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Morris B., Partap S., Yeom K. et al. Cerebrovascular disease in childhood cancer survivors: a Children’s Oncology Group Report. Neurology. 2009; 73(22): 1906–1913. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c17ea8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Yeh E.T., Bickford C.L. Cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy: incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009; 53(24): 2231–2247. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.050</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Zoller B., Ji J., Sundquist J., Sundquist K. Risk of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in patients with cancer: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden. Eur. J. Cancer. 2012; 48(12): 1875–1883. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.01.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Nishiguchi T., Mochizuki K., Shakudo M. et al. CNS complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2009; 192(4): 1003–1011. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.08.1787</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Delios A.M., Rosenblum M., Jakubowski A.A. et al. Central and peripheral nervous system immune mediated demyelinating disease after allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic disease. J. Neurooncol. 2012; 110(2): 251–256. DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0962-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Syed F.I., Couriel D.R., Frame D. et al. Central nervous system complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 2016; 30(4): 887–898. DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2016.03.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Dhar R. Neurologic complications of transplantation. Neurocrit. Care. 2018; 28(1): 4–11. DOI: 10.1007/s12028-017-0387-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Weber C., Schaper J., Tibussek D. et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of neurological complications following paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008; 41(3): 253–259. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705905</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Kang J.M., Kim Y.J., Kim J.Y. et al. Neurologic complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: analysis of prognostic factors. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015; 21(6): 1091–1098. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.02.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Cai X., Fu H.X., Mo X.D. et al. Comparison of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2020; 55(11): 2087–2097. DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0903-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Del Prete C., Kim T., Lansigan F. et al. The epidemiology and clinical associations of stroke in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a review of 10,972 admissions from the 2012 National Inpatient Sample. Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2018; 18(1): 74–77.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.09.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Вознюк И.А., Янишевский С.Н., Чечулов П.В. и др. Ишемический инсульт: клинические рекомендации по первичной и вторичной профилактике: методическое пособие для врачей. СПб.; 2018. 32 с. Voznyuk I.A., Yanishevskiy S.N., Chechulov P.V. et al. Ischemic stroke: clinical recommendations for primary and secondary prevention: a methodological guide for doctors. St. Petersburg; 2018. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Kleindorfer D.O., Towfighi A., Chaturvedi S. et al. 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association [published correction appears in Stroke. 2021; 52(7): e483–e484]. Stroke. 2021; 52(7): e364–e467. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000375</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Zoller B., Ji J., Sundquist J,. Sundquist K. Risk of haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in patients with cancer: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden. Eur. J. Cancer. 2012; 48(12): 1875–1883. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.01.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Bova I., Bornstein N., Korczyn A. Acute infection as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Stroke. 1996; 27(12): 2204–2206. DOI: 10.1161/01.str.27.12.2204</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Sandoval-Montes C., Santos-Argumedo L. CD38 is expressed selectively during the activation of a subset of mature T cells with reduced proliferation but improved potential to produce cytokines. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2005; 77(4): 513–521. DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0404262</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Choe C.U., Lardong K., Gelderblom M. et al. CD38 exacerbates focal cytokine production, postischemic inflammation and brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia. PLoS One. 2011; 6(5): e19046.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019046. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2011; 6(7). DOI: 10.1371/annotation/295c388d-013d-4bb9-b4e4-da8e88317594</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Austin P.C., Xin Yu A.Y., Vyas M.V. et al. Applying propensity score methods in clinical research in neurology. Neurology. 2021; 97(18): 856–863. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012777</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
