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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">834</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2022.1.4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons after olfactory stimulation in the mouse piriform cortex during postnatal development</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспрессия ГАМКергических и глутаматергических нейронов после обонятельной стимуляции в пириформной коре мышей в динамике постнатального развития</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-3489</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panina</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панина</surname><given-names>Юлия Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с.</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4386-9753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspenskaya</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенская</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Institute of Applied Biotechnologies and Veterinary Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., доцент, профессор Института прикладной биотехнологии и ветеринарной медицины</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-2721</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatina</surname><given-names>Olga L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатина</surname><given-names>Ольга Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, leading researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., доцент, в.н.с.</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-6348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salmina</surname><given-names>Alla B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салмина</surname><given-names>Алла Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., chief researcher, Head, Laboratory of experimental brain cytology, Department of brain sciences, chief researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, г.н.с., зав. лаб. экспериментальной нейроцитологии отдела исследований мозга, г.н.с.</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт молекулярной медицины и патобиохимии ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный аграрный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for collective use Molecular &amp; Cell Technologies, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр коллективного пользования «Молекулярные и клеточные технологии» ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Panina Y.A., Uspenskaya Y.A., Lopatina O.L., Salmina A.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Панина Ю.А., Успенская Ю.А., Лопатина О.Л., Салмина А.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Panina Y.A., Uspenskaya Y.A., Lopatina O.L., Salmina A.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панина Ю.А., Успенская Ю.А., Лопатина О.Л., Салмина А.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/834">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/834</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The control of the survival and differentiation of immature neurons in the piriform cortex of rodents, which can transform into GABAergic and/or glutamatergic neurons under the influence of olfactory stimuli, is an important factor for prevention of neurological dysfunction.</p> <p>The <bold>aim</bold> of the study was to assess the expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons after olfactory stimulation (OS) in the mouse piriform cortex during postnatal development.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The study was carried out on CD1 male mice aged 2 (n = 20; group Р2), 21 (n = 20; group Р21) and 60 (n = 20; group Р60) days. The mice were presented with olfactory stimuli, and brain tissue was collected for immunohistochemical analysis 2 hours, 24 hours and 7 days later, to assess glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) expression.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> OS in the group P2 animals increased VGlut1 expression in the first 2 hours after OS, followed by a return to baseline level by day 7, while GAD67 expression showed no significant changes. The animals in group P21 showed increased expression of VGlut1 and GAD67 two hours after OS, followed by a significant decrease. Expression of both molecules demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the group P60 animals 24 hours after OS, and remained at the same level on day 7 (GAD67) or returned to baseline levels (VGlut1).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>OS increases the number of GABAergic (GAD67<sup>+</sup>) и glutamatergic (VGlut1<sup>+</sup>) neurons in the piriform cortex (P60). The predominance of glutamatergic effects is a possible mechanism for associative memory cell recruitment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Управление процессами выживания и дифференцировки незрелых нейронов пириформной коры грызунов, способных трансформироваться в ГАМКергические и/или глутаматергические нейроны при действии обонятельных стимулов, является одним из важных факторов, предупреждающих развитие неврологической дисфункции.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> работы — оценка экспрессии ГАМКергических и глутаматергических нейронов после обонятельной стимуляции (ОС) в пириформной коре мышей в динамике постнатального развития.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Работа выполнена на мышах-самцах линии CD1 в возрасте 2 (n = 20; группа Р2), 21 (n = 20; группа Р21) и 60 (n = 20; группа Р60) дней. Мышам были предъявлены обонятельные стимулы и через 2, 24 ч и 7 дней произведён забор тканей головного мозга для иммуногистохимического анализа — оценки экспрессии глутаматдекарбоксилазы 67 (GAD67) и везикулярного транспортёра глутамата 1 (VGlut1).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> ОС у животных группы P2 увеличивала экспрессию VGlut1 в первые 2 ч после ОС с последующим возвращением к исходному уровню к 7-м суткам, тогда как экспрессия GAD67 значимо не изменялась. У животных группы P21 регистрировалось увеличение экспрессии VGlut1 и GAD67 через 2 ч после ОС с последующим значительным снижением. У животных группы P60 экспрессия обеих молекул достоверно увеличивалась через 24 ч после ОС, оставаясь к 7-м суткам на таком же уровне (для GAD67) или снижаясь до исходных значений (для VGlut1).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> ОС увеличивает количество ГАМКергических (GAD67<sup>+</sup>) и глутаматергических (VGlut1<sup>+</sup>) нейронов в пириформной коре (P60). Преобладание глутаматергических эффектов является возможным механизмом рекрутинга клеток ассоциативной памяти.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons</kwd><kwd>olfactory stimulation</kwd><kwd>piriform cortex</kwd><kwd>postnatal development</kwd><kwd>neuroplasticity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ГАМКергические и глутаматергические нейроны</kwd><kwd>обонятельная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>пириформная кора</kwd><kwd>постнатальное развитие</kwd><kwd>нейропластичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Research (research grant No. 20-015-00472).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 20-015-00472).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cassé F., Richetin K., Toni N. 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