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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">854</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2022.3.2</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Inflammation and endothelial toxicity: pathogenetic aspects of central nervous system damage due to novel coronavirus disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Воспаление и эндотелиотоксичность: патогенетические грани поражения центральной нервной системы при новой коронавирусной инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3412-0038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорова</surname><given-names>Мария Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist, junior researcher, Department of acute cerebrovascular pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог, м.н.с. отдела острой цереброваскулярной патологии</p></bio><email>airty@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7648-4388</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>Aleksandr I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>Александр Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist, Department of acute cerebrovascular pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог отдела острой цереброваскулярной патологии</p></bio><email>yakovlevai92@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-0961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voznyuk</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вознюк</surname><given-names>Игорь Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy director for science, professor, Department of nervous diseases named after M.I. Astvatsaturov, professor, Department of nervous diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зам. директора по научной работе, профессор каф. нервных болезней им. М.И. Аствацатурова, профессор каф. нервных болезней</p></bio><email>voznjouk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-6234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Elena M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Елена Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist, researcher, Department of acute cerebrovascular pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-невролог, н.с. отдела острой цереброваскулярной патологии</p></bio><email>novaj44@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-6283</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gogoleva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гоголева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of neurology No. 2 for patients with acute cerebrovascular accident, researcher, Department of acute cerebrovascular pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. отд. неврологии № 2 для пациентов с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения, н.с. отдела острой цереброваскулярной патологии</p></bio><email>katygog@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-4516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pivovarova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пивоварова</surname><given-names>Людмила Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of laboratory diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., рук. отдела лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>tshumakova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Care</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ СПб «Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени И.П. Павлова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-10"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-07-25"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Prokhorova M.V., Yakovlev A.I., Voznyuk I.A., Morozova E.M., Gogoleva E.A., Pivovarova L.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Прохорова М.В., Яковлев А.И., Вознюк И.А., Морозова Е.М., Гоголева Е.А., Пивоварова Л.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokhorova M.V., Yakovlev A.I., Voznyuk I.A., Morozova E.M., Gogoleva E.A., Pivovarova L.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прохорова М.В., Яковлев А.И., Вознюк И.А., Морозова Е.М., Гоголева Е.А., Пивоварова Л.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/854">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/854</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Introduction.</italic></bold> There are inconsistent data on the incidence of stroke in patients with COVID-19, including acute cerebrovascular accidents in younger people without obligate risk factors, as well as the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with acute stroke.</p> <p>The <bold><italic>aim</italic></bold> of the study was to evaluate the features of concomitant stroke and COVID-19, and the role of inflammation and endothelial toxicity in cerebral damage.</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods. </italic></bold>The study included 1,524 patients admitted to vascular clinics across St. Petersburg in 2020–2021, including 1,068 people with confirmed COVID-19 infection and 551 death cases. The patients were divided into four groups depending on disease severity, for clinical and laboratory data analysis.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results. </italic></bold>There were marked changes in the laboratory markers of inflammation, haemostasis, fibrinolysis, cytolysis, iron metabolism, cerebral ischaemia, proteolysis, immunodeficiency (lymphocytopenia, monocytopenia, elevated white blood cell count, elevated levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, D-dimer, creatine kinase, ferritin and neutrophil elastase), with statistically significant differences when compared with patients without COVID-19. Changes in inflammatory markers in the first 24–72 hours provided the most information. A multifold increase (escalation) in the marker values was always correlated with an imminent adverse outcome and was usually accompanied by subsequent laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection or specific signs of viral pneumonia.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion.</italic></bold> COVID-19 should be considered an independent risk factor for acute stroke, while the virus-induced thrombosis, manifesting in an escalation in inflammatory factors and products of endothelial damage, should be considered a pathogenetic link leading to cerebral tissue damage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение.</italic></bold> Данные о частоте развития инсультов у пациентов с COVID-19, в том числе о случаях острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения у лиц молодого возраста, не имеющих облигатных факторов риска, а также о риске заражения SARS-CoV-2 пациентов в остром периоде инсульта противоречивые.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold> исследования — оценить особенности течения инсульта в сочетании с COVID-19 и роль воспаления и эндотелиотоксичности в патогенезе церебрального поражения.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> В исследование включены 1524 пациента, находившихся на стационарном лечении в сети сосудистых центров г. Санкт-Петербурга в 2020–2021 гг., в том числе 1068 человек с подтверждённой COVID-19, 551 случаев с летальным исходом. Для анализа клинико-лабораторных данных пациенты были разделены на 4 группы в зависимости от тяжести течения заболевания.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Выявлены выраженные изменения лабораторных показателей активации системы воспаления, гемостаза, фибринолиза, цитолиза, обмена железа, ишемии мозга, протеолиза, иммунной недостаточности (лимфоцитопения, моноцитопения, увеличение содержания в крови лейкоцитов, концентрации С-реактивного белка, фибриногена, D-димера, креатинкиназы, ферритина, эластазы нейтрофильных гранулоцитов), которые достоверно отличались от таковых у пациентов без COVID-19. Наиболее информативной была динамика изменений маркеров воспаления в первые 24–72 ч. Многократное увеличение (эскалация) значений всегда коррелировало с ближайшим неблагоприятным исходом и, как правило, сопутствовало последующему лабораторному подтверждению COVID-19 или появлению специфичных признаков вирусной пневмонии.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> COVID-19 следует рассматривать как самостоятельный фактор риска развития острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения, а вирус-индуцированный тромбоваскулярный процесс, проявляющийся эскалацией воспалительных факторов и продуктов повреждения эндотелия, должен расцениваться как патогенетическое звено, обусловливающее повреждение вещества головного мозга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute cerebrovascular accident</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>novel coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>laboratory predictors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>лабораторные предикторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mao L., Jin H., Wang M. et al. 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