<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">884</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2022.4.5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Identification of RNA markers associated with Parkinson's disease using multiplex gene expression analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Выявление РНК-маркеров болезни Паркинсона с помощью мультиплексного анализа генной экспрессии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-9912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ardashirova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ардаширова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student, Neurogenetic department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант 5-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>ardashirova.n@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-1159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramycheva</surname><given-names>Natalia Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамычева</surname><given-names>Наталья Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher, Head, DNA laboratory, Neurogenetic department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., в.н.с., зав. молекулярно-генетической лабораторией 5-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>nataabr@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-7644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Neurogenetic department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., рук. 5-го неврологического отделения</p></bio><email>ekfedotova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-6939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhorukov</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухоруков</surname><given-names>Владимир Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head, Neuromorphology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. лаб. нейроморфологии</p></bio><email>vsukhorukov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-5178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>anast.voronkova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3835-6622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudzhiri</surname><given-names>Natalia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муджири</surname><given-names>Наталья Мурадовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Neuromorphology laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. нейроморфологи</p></bio><email>Mudzhirinm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarioshkin</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иллариошкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., RAS Full Member, Deputy Director for Science; Director, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, директор Института мозга</p></bio><email>ardashirova.n@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ "Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-01"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-28"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Ardashirova N.S., Abramycheva N.Y., Fedotova E.Y., Sukhorukov V.S., Voronkova A.S., Mudzhiri N.M., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Ардаширова Н.С., Абрамычева Н.Ю., Федотова Е.Ю., Сухоруков В.С., Воронкова А.С., Муджири Н.М., Иллариошкин С.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ardashirova N.S., Abramycheva N.Y., Fedotova E.Y., Sukhorukov V.S., Voronkova A.S., Mudzhiri N.M., Illarioshkin S.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ардаширова Н.С., Абрамычева Н.Ю., Федотова Е.Ю., Сухоруков В.С., Воронкова А.С., Муджири Н.М., Иллариошкин С.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/884">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/884</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Introduction.</italic></bold> Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and the development of biomarkers is essential due to complicated PD diagnosis and progression assessment.</p> <p><bold><italic>Objective. </italic></bold>To identify PD RNA markers by multiplex expression profiling of 760 genes associated with the main neuropathological processes.</p> <p>Materials and methods. We studied the expression of 760 genes associated with the main neuropathological processes using Nanostring nCounter<sup>®</sup> Human Neuropathology Panel in 29 blood samples obtained from PD patients, including 13 samples from those in the early stage and 16 samples from those in the advanced stage, and in 16 control blood samples.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> The comparison of gene expression in the patients with early PD and in the controls demonstrated differential expression of genes CDKN1A and CPT1B. The comparison of gene expression in the patients with advanced PD and in the controls showed LRP1 upregulation in the advanced PD group. We also revealed СPT1B upregulation in advanced disease, with a positive correlation between СPT1B expression and PD duration.</p> <p><bold><italic>Discussion.</italic></bold> The variably expressed genes may be relevant as PD biomarkers for diagnosis and progression assessment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение.</italic></bold> Болезнь Паркинсона (БП) является нейродегенеративным заболеванием, для диагностики и оценки прогрессирования которого крайне актуальна разработка биомаркеров.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель </italic></bold>исследования — выявление РНК-маркеров БП с помощью мультиплексного профилирования экспрессии 760 генов, ассоциированных с основными нейропатологическими процессами.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> В 29 образцах лейкоцитов крови пациентов с БП (13 — на ранних стадиях, 16 — на развернутых) и 16 образцах контрольной группы с помощью панели «Nanostring nCounter<sup>®</sup> Human Neuropathology Panel» изучена экспрессия 760 генов, ассоциированных с нейропатологическими процессами.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> При сравнении уровней экспрессии на ранних стадиях БП и в контрольной группе выявлена различная экспрессия генов CDKN1A и CPT1B. На развёрнутых стадиях БП определено повышение относительно контрольной группы экспрессии гена LRP1, а экспрессия гена СPT1B положительно коррелировала с длительностью заболевания.</p> <p><bold><italic>Обсуждение.</italic></bold> Выявленные гены с изменённой экспрессией могут представлять интерес для дальнейшего изучения в качестве биомаркеров БП с точки зрения диагностики и оценки прогрессирования заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-15-00320</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Erkkinen M.G., Kim M.O., Geschwind M.D. Clinical neurology and epidemiology of the major neurodegenerative diseases. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 2018; 10(4): a033118. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033118</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Tysnes O.B., Storstein A. Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. J. Neural. Transm. 2017; 124(8): 901–905. DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1686-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Kalinderi K., Bostantjopoulou S., Fidani L. The genetic background of Parkinson’s disease: current progress and future prospects. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2016; 134(5): 314–326. DOI: 10.1111/ane.12563</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Deng H., Wang P., Jankovic J. The genetics of Parkinson disease. Ageing Res. Rev. 2018; 42: 72–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Cheng H.C., Ulane C.M., Burke R.E. Clinical progression in Parkinson disease and the neurobiology of axons. Ann. Neurol. 2010; 67(6): 715–725. DOI: 10.1002/ana.21995</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Postuma R.B., Berg D., Stern M. et al. MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 2015; 30(12): 1591–1601. DOI: 10.1002/mds.26424</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Rizzo G., Copetti M., Arcuti S. et al. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2016; 86(6): 566–576. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002350</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Armstrong M.J., Okun M.S. Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease. JAMA. 2020; 323(6): 548. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.22360</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Vijiaratnam N., Simuni T., Bandmann O. et al. Progress towards therapies for disease modification in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2021; 20(7): 559–572. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00061-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Lang A.E., Espay A.J. Disease modification in Parkinson’s disease: current approaches, challenges, and future considerations. Mov. Disord. 2018; 33(5): 660–677. DOI: 10.1002/mds.27360</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Parnetti L., Gaetani L., Eusebi P. et al. CSF and blood biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2019; 18(6): 573–586. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30024-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Goytain A., Ng T. NanoString nCounter technology: high-throughput RNA validation. Methods Mol. Biol. 2020; 2079: 125–139. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9904-0_10</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Santiago J.A., Potashkin J.A. Evaluation of RNA blood biomarkers in individuals at risk of Parkinson’s disease. J. Parkinsons Dis. 2017; 7(4): 653–660. DOI: 10.3233/JPD-171155</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Santiago J.A., Bottero V., Potashkin J.A. Evaluation of RNA blood biomarkers in the Parkinson’s disease biomarkers program. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018; 10: 157. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00157</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Shamir R., Klein C., Amar D. et al. Analysis of blood-based gene expression in idiopathic Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2017; 89(16): 1676–1683. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004516</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Scherzer C.R., Eklund A.C., Morse L.J. et al. Molecular markers of early Parkinson’s disease based on gene expression in blood. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 2007; 104(3): 955–960. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610204104</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Liu X., Wang Q., Yang Y. et al. Reduced erythrocytic CHCHD2 mRNA is associated with brain pathology of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 2021; 9(1): 37. DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01133-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Lanke V., Moolamalla S.T.R., Roy D., Vinod P.K. Integrative analysis of hippocampus gene expression profiles identifies network alterations in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2018; 10: 153. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00153</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Santos-Lobato B.L., Vidal A.F., Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â. Regulatory miRNA–mRNA networks in Parkinson’s disease. Cells. 2021; 10(6): 1410. DOI: 10.3390/cells10061410</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Pattarini R., Rong Y., Shepherd K.R. et al. Long-lasting transcriptional refractoriness triggered by a single exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine. Neuroscience. 2012; 214: 84–105. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.047</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Yang L., Liu C.C., Zheng H. et al. LRP1 modulates the microglial immune response via regulation of JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. J. Neuroinflammation. 2016; 13(1): 304. DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0772-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Wilhelmus M.M.M., Bol J.G.J.M., van Haastert E.S. et al. Apolipoprotein E and LRP1 increase early in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. Am. J. Pathol. 2011; 179(5): 2152–2156. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.07.021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Strauss K.M., Martins L.M., Plun-Favreau H. et al. Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding Omi/HtrA2 in Parkinson’s disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2005; 14(15): 2099–2111. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi215</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Li W., Fu Y., Halliday G.M., Sue C.M. PARK genes link mitochondrial dysfunction and alpha-synuclein pathology in sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2021; 9. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.612476</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Сухоруков В.С., Воронкова А.С., Литвинова Н.А. и др. Роль индивидуальных особенностей митохондриальной ДНК в патогенезе болезни Паркинсона. Генетика. 2020; 56(4): 392–400. Sukhorukov V.S., Voronkova A.S., Litvinova N.A. The role of individual features of mitochondrial DNA in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Genetics. 2020; 56(4): 392–400. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31857/S0016675820040141</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Devi L., Raghavendran V., Prabhu B.M. et al. Mitochondrial import and accumulation of α-synuclein impair complex I in human dopaminergic neuronal cultures and Parkinson disease brain. J. Biol. Chem. 2008; 283(14): 9089–9100. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M710012200</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Malpartida A.B., Williamson M., Narendra D.P. et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in Parkinson’s disease: from mechanism to therapy. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2021; 46(4): 329–343. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.11.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Park J.S., Davis R.L., Sue C.M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: new mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 2018; 18(5): 21. DOI: 10.1007/s11910-018-0829-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Balestrino R., Schapira A.H.V. Parkinson disease. Eur. J. Neurol. 2020; 27(1): 27–42. DOI: 10.1111/ene.14108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Sevigny J., Chiao P., Bussière T. et al. The antibody aducanumab reduces Aβ plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature. 2016; 537(7618): 50–56. DOI: 10.1038/nature19323</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
