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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">886</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2023.4.2</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mood Disorders After COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аффективные нарушения у пациентов, перенёсших COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1478-6580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheeva</surname><given-names>Anna G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеева</surname><given-names>Анна Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Neurology with the Clinic, Medical Education Institute, Laboratory Assistant-Researcher, Research Laboratory of New Coronavirus Infection and Postcovid Syndrome, Center for Personalized Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. неврологии с клиникой Института медицинского образования, лаборант-исследователь НИЛ новой коронавирусной инфекции и постковидного синдрома НЦМУ «Центр персонализированной медицины» </p></bio><email>amikheevag@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-3085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Topuzova</surname><given-names>Mariya P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топузова</surname><given-names>Мария Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Neurology with the Clinic, Medical Education Institute, Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory of New Coronavirus Infection and Postcovid Syndrome, Center for Personalized Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент каф. неврологии с клиникой Института медицинского образования, старший научный сотрудник НИЛ новой коронавирусной инфекции и постковидного синдрома НЦМУ «Центр персонализированной медицины»</p></bio><email>Topuzova_MP@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-3750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malko</surname><given-names>Valeriya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малько</surname><given-names>Валерия Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Neurology with the Clinic, Medical Education Institute, Junior Researcher, Research Laboratory of New Coronavirus Infection and Postcovid Syndrome, Center for Personalized Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. неврологии с клиникой Института медицинского образования, м.н.с. НИЛ новой коронавирусной инфекции и постковидного синдрома НЦМУ «Центр персонализированной медицины»</p></bio><email>Malko_VA@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-3287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident, Department of Neurology with the Clinic, Medical Education Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор каф. неврологии с клиникой Института медицинского образования </p></bio><email>Zhilina_ES@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6066-3525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>Arina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Арина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Research Assistant, Research Laboratory of New Coronavirus Infection and Postcovid Syndrome, Center for Personalized Medicine, Resident, Department of Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь НИЛ новой коронавирусной инфекции и постковидного синдрома НЦМУ «Центр персонализированной медицины», ординатор каф. эндокринологии ИМО </p></bio><email>Mikhailova_AA@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6198-5278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagutina</surname><given-names>Daria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагутина</surname><given-names>Дарья Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Research Assistant, Research Laboratory of New Coronavirus Infection and Postcovid Syndrome, Center for Personalized Medicine, Resident, Department of Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь НИЛ новой коронавирусной инфекции и постковидного синдрома НЦМУ «Центр персонализированной медицины», ординатор каф. эндокринологии ИМО </p></bio><email>Lagutina_DI@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-0123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karonova</surname><given-names>Tatiana L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каронова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Research Laboratory of New Coronavirus Infection and Postcovid Syndrome, Center for Personalized Medicine, Chief Researcher, Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. НИЛ новой коронавирусной инфекции и постковидного синдрома НЦМУ «Центр персонализированной медицины», г.н.с. НИЛ клинической эндокринологии Института эндокринологии, профессор каф. эндокринологии ИМО </p></bio><email>Karonova_TL@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-1165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>Tatyana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of Neurology with the Clinic, Medical Education Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. каф. неврологии с клиникой Института медицинского образования </p></bio><email>Alekseeva_TM@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Mikheeva A.G., Topuzova M.P., Malko V.A., Zhilina E.S., Mikhailova A.A., Lagutina D.I., Karonova T.L., Alekseeva T.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Михеева А.Г., Топузова М.П., Малько В.А., Жилина Е.С., Михайлова А.А., Лагутина Д.И., Каронова Т.Л., Алексеева Т.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikheeva A.G., Topuzova M.P., Malko V.A., Zhilina E.S., Mikhailova A.A., Lagutina D.I., Karonova T.L., Alekseeva T.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михеева А.Г., Топузова М.П., Малько В.А., Жилина Е.С., Михайлова А.А., Лагутина Д.И., Каронова Т.Л., Алексеева Т.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/886">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/886</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction<italic>.</italic></bold> The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a high prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), with mood disorders being the most common manifestations.</p> <p><bold>Objective<italic>:</italic></bold> To study the prevalence of PCS-associated mood disorders and their features.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods<italic>.</italic></bold> We examined patients after COVID-19 (n = 91; age: 24-84 years; median time to recovery: 7 months) using the following tools: the BDI and HADS (screening for anxiety and depression); the Starkstein Apathy Scale; FIS and FSS (fatigue assessment); the MoCA, MMSE, and FAB (cognitive assessment); the FIRST, ESS, PSQI, and ISI (sleep disorders evaluation); the EQ5D (quality of life measurement). We designed a special questionnaire to collect data related to a history of COVID-19 and patients' condition after discharge. In addition, we analyzed electronic medical records and discharge summaries and performed neurological examination.</p> <p><bold>Results<italic>.</italic></bold> Of all the examined patients, 65 (71.4%) participants had signs and symptoms of PCS. Mood disorders were observed in 33 (50.8%) cases, with apathy (78.7%), anxiety (66.7%), and fatigue (60.6%) being the most common. Depressive disorders were found in 12 (36.3%) patients. Cognitive functions were impaired in 7 (21.2%) patients; sleep disorders were observed in 16 (48.5%) cases. We found a positive correlation between depressive disorders and fatigue based on the BDI, FIS, and FSS scores (rS = 0.711; rS = 0.453), depressive disorders and anxiety (rS = 0.366), fatigue and apathy (rS = 0.350). Anxiety increased the risk of sleep disorders (rS = 0.683). Quality of life has been shown to decrease in patients with mood disorders due to the negative effect of long-term fatigue and depressive disorders.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions<italic>.</italic></bold> There is a close connection between different types of mood disorders that develop after COVID-19 and exacerbate symptoms of each other. Early diagnosis and treatment of these disorders can improve patients' quality of life and preserve their ability to work.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение<italic>.</italic></bold> Пандемия коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) привела к высокой распространённости постковидного синдрома (ПКС), частым проявлением которого являются аффективные нарушения.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования — изучение встречаемости аффективных нарушений в рамках ПКС и их особенностей.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы<italic>.</italic></bold> Обследованы пациенты, перенёсшие COVID-19 (n = 91; возраст 24–84 года; медиана выздоровления — 7 мес). Использовались опросники: BDI, HADS (выявление тревоги и депрессии); шкала апатии Starskein; FIS, FSS (оценка усталости); MoCA, MMSE, FAB (оценка когнитивных функций); FIRST, ESS, PSQI, ISI (выявление нарушений сна); EQ5D (оценка качества жизни (КЖ)). Сбор анамнеза заболевания COVID-19, состояния пациентов после выписки проводили с помощью специально разработанного опросника. Дополнительно анализировали электронные истории болезней, выписные эпикризы, выполняли неврологический осмотр.</p> <p><bold>Результаты<italic>.</italic></bold> В исследуемой группе 65 (71,4%) пациентов имели признаки постковидного синдрома. Аффективные нарушения встречались в 33 (50,8%) случаях, наиболее частые из них: апатия (78,7%), тревожность (66,7%), усталость (60,6%). Депрессивные расстройства выявлены у 12 (36,3%) пациентов. У 7 (21,2%) пациентов снизились когнитивные функции. В 16 (48,5%) случаях наблюдались расстройства сна. Выявлена прямая взаимосвязь между депрессивными расстройствами и усталостью, согласно данным BDI, FIS и FSS (rS = 0,711; rS = 0,453), депрессивными расстройствами и тревожностью (rS = 0,366), усталостью и апатией (rS = 0,350). Наличие тревожности повышало риск развития сомнологических расстройств (rS = 0,683). Выявлено, что при наличии аффективных нарушений снижается КЖ вследствие негативного влияния длительно сохраняющейся усталости и развития депрессивных расстройств.</p> <p><bold>Заключение<italic>.</italic></bold> Разные виды аффективных нарушений, развивающихся после перенесённого COVID-19, тесно связаны между собой, усугубляя проявления друг друга. Раннее выявление и лечение таких расстройств позволит улучшить КЖ и сохранить трудоспособность пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>post-COVID-19 syndrome</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>apathy</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>fatigue</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>апатия</kwd><kwd>тревожность</kwd><kwd>усталость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>Соглашение № 075-15-2022-301 от 20.04.2022</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Szekanecz Z., Vályi-Nagy I. 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