Annals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyAnnals of Clinical and Experimental NeurologyАнналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии2075-54732409-2533Eco-Vector90710.54101/ACEN.2023.1.6ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleMolecular mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of thyroid hormones and their metabolites in acute brain ischemiaМолекулярные механизмы нейропротекторных эффектов тиреоидных гормонов и их метаболитов при острой ишемии головного мозгаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-6860FilimonovDmitry A.ФилимоновДмитрий Алексеевич
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head, Experimental Surgery Department, V.K. Gusak Institute of Urgent and Reparative Surgery

к.м.н., доцент, зав. отделом экспериментальной хирургии Института неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака

neuro.dnmu@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-7970YevtushenkoStanislav K.ЕвтушенкоСтанислав Константинович
Russian Federation

D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Child and General Neurology, M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University

д.м.н., профессор каф. детской и общей неврологии ФИПО ГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»

centerkramatorsk@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0937-328XFedorovaAnna A.ФедороваАнна Александровна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Department of Experimental Surgery, V.K. Gusak Institute of Urgent and Reparative Surgery

к.б.н., с.н.с. отдела экспериментальной хирургии Института неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака

hannusyc@gmail.comV.K. Gusak Institute of Urgent and Reconstructive SurgeryИнститут неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. ГусакаM. Gorky Donetsk National Medical UniversityГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»2903202317143541910202221112022Copyright ©; 2023, Filimonov D.A., Yevtushenko S.K., Fedorova A.A.Copyright ©; 2023, Филимонов Д.А., Евтушенко С.К., Федорова А.А.2023Filimonov D.A., Yevtushenko S.K., Fedorova A.A.Филимонов Д.А., Евтушенко С.К., Федорова А.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/907

As endovascular reperfusion advances and multimodal neuroimagimg is implemented, neuroprotection in ischemic stroke progresses to the next level. In the recent years, the focus of neuroprotection research has been gradually shifting towards the research of endogenous substances and their synthetic analogs. According to the available evidence, thyroid hormones (THs) and their metabolites are potentially effective neuroprotectors in brain ischemia.

Objective. To identify and classify TH neuroprotective effects in acute brain ischemia by analyzing contemporary data.

We studied and analyzed publications indexed in РubMed, SciElo, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Biomedical Data Journal, and eLibrary.

The molecular basis of TH effects includes genomic and non-genomic mechanisms aimed at mitochondrial activity regulation, neuro- and angiogenesis, axonal transport, cytoskeleton maintenance, and impact on ion channels as well as activation and expression of specific proteins. TH effects on the central nervous system can be classified into following clusters: influence on neuronal and glial metabolism, apoptosis modulation, neuroplasticity and angiogenesis, impact on hemostasis, and local and systemic immune response.

Conclusion. THs are multimodal and selective regulators of cellular processes that affect neuroplasticity and neuro-reintegration both in the brain ischemic zone and beyond it. Therefore, a promising research can cover THs and and their metabolites as cerebral cytoprotectors to improve functional outcomes of ischemic strokes.

С развитием эндоваскулярных реперфузионных технологий и внедрением мультимодальных методов нейровизуализации принцип нейропротекции при ишемическом инсульте проходит новый этап развития. В течение последних лет вектор исследований в области нейропротекции постепенно смещается в сторону изучения эндогенных субстанций и их синтетических аналогов. Согласно накопленным данным, тиреоидные гормоны (ТГ) и их метаболиты представляются потенциально эффективными нейропротекторами при ишемии головного мозга.

Цель исследования: идентификация и систематизация нейропротекторных эффектов ТГ при острой ишемии головного мозга путём анализа современных данных, представленных в базах РubMed, SciElo, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Biomedical Data Journal, eLibrary.

Молекулярную основу действия ТГ представляют геномные и негеномные механизмы, направленные на регуляцию работы митохондрий, нейро- и ангиогенез, ионные каналы, аксональный транспорт, поддержание цитоскелета, активацию и экспрессию специфических белков. Эффекты ТГ в центральной нервной системе можно систематизировать по следующим кластерам: влияние на метаболизм в нейронах и глии, модуляция апоптоза, нейропластичность и ангиогенез, воздействие на гемостаз, локальный и системный иммунный ответ.

Заключение. ТГ представляются мультимодальными и селективными регуляторами клеточных процессов, влияющими на механизмы нейропластичности и нейрореинтеграции как в зоне ишемии мозга, так и за её пределами. Перспективными являются дальнейшие исследования возможности применения ТГ и их метаболитов как церебральных цитопротекторов для улучшения функциональных исходов ишемического инсульта.

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