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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">939</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2023.4.11</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical analysis</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинический разбор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Relapsing Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy: Case Report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинический случай рецидивирующей аутоиммунной GFAP-астроцитопатии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5442-0877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekanova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеканова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Neurologist, 6<sup>th</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, врач-невролог 6-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>000012309@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-7775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalina</surname><given-names>Аlla А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалина</surname><given-names>Алла Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Head, Laboratory of Hemorheology, Hemostasis and Pharmacokinetics (with clinical laboratory diagnostics)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., в.н.с., рук. лаб. гемореологии, гемостаза и фармакокинетики (с клинической лабораторной диагностикой) </p></bio><email>kseniya.antonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7256-2668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simaniv</surname><given-names>Taras O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симанив</surname><given-names>Тарас Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, 6<sup>th</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с. 6-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>tarassimaniv@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>Rodion N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Родион Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of Radiation Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с. отд. лучевой диагностики Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>kattorina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9929-2725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrynina</surname><given-names>Larisa A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрынина</surname><given-names>Лариса Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher, Head, 3<sup>rd</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., г.н.с., зав. 3-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>alinakarshieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-0548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>Людмила Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Principal Researcher, 3<sup>rd</sup> Neurology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., г.н.с. 3-го неврологического отд. </p></bio><email>kalashnikovaNCN@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9893-712X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubanova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губанова</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher, 3<sup>rd</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с. 3-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>kalashnikovancn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-9968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Maria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Мария Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Principal Researcher, Head, 6<sup>th</sup> Neurological Department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., г.н.с., руководитель 6-го неврологического отделения Института клинической и профилактической неврологии </p></bio><email>zakharova@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Chekanova E.O., Shabalina А.А., Simaniv T.O., Konovalov R.N., Dobrynina L.A., Kalashnikova L.A., Gubanova M.V., Zakharova M.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Чеканова Е.О., Шабалина А.А., Симанив Т.О., Коновалов Р.Н., Добрынина Л.А., Калашникова Л.А., Губанова М.В., Захарова М.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chekanova E.O., Shabalina А.А., Simaniv T.O., Konovalov R.N., Dobrynina L.A., Kalashnikova L.A., Gubanova M.V., Zakharova M.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чеканова Е.О., Шабалина А.А., Симанив Т.О., Коновалов Р.Н., Добрынина Л.А., Калашникова Л.А., Губанова М.В., Захарова М.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/939">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/939</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction<italic>.</italic></bold> Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of intermediate astrocyte filaments. In 2016, anti-GFAP antibodies (Ab) were identified as the specific biomarker for the first established CNS inflammatory disorder subsequently called autoimmune astrocytopathy associated with anti-GFAP Ab (A-GFAP-A). Since GFAP is localized intracellularly, GFAP Ab do not appear to be directly pathogenic though serve as a biomarker of immune inflammation. Although presence of GFAP-Ab in the serum (but not in the CSF) could be observed in various CNS immune-mediated diseases, detection of GFAP-Ab in CSF is only characteristic for A-GFAP-A. A-GFAP-A usually develops after the age of 40 and mostly manifests acutely or subacutely with symptoms of meningoencephalomyelitis or its focal forms. Linear perivascular radial cerebral white matter enhancement is a specific MRI finding of A-GFAP-A. Concomitant neoplasms or autoimmune disorders, as well as co-expression of other antineuronal antibodies are not uncommon in A-GFAP-A. Usually, disease responds well to immunotherapy, and prolonged remission could be achieved, however recurrent disease course and fulminant cases are also described in the literature. In these cases, long-term immunosuppression is required. Data on epidemiology, etiological factors, and precise pathogenesis of A-GFAP-A are still limited. Due to the lack of long-term follow-up data, diagnostic criteria, generally accepted treatment strategies or prognostic risk factors for relapse and outcome of the disease have not yet been established and precised. We present the first description of a case of relapsing A-GFAP-A in Russia and an analysis of the current data on the pathogenesis, clinical features, as well as the diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches for A-GFAP-A.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение<italic>.</italic></bold> Глиальный фибриллярный кислый белок (GFAP) является ключевым компонентом промежуточных филаментов астроцитов. В 2016 г. антитела к GFAP (GFAP-АТ) были идентифицированы в качестве специфичного биомаркера впервые установленного воспалительного заболевания ЦНС, которое назвали аутоиммунной астроцитопатией, ассоциированной с GFAP-АТ (A-GFAP-A). Поскольку GFAP локализован внутриклеточно, непосредственно GFAP-AT, по-видимому, не патогенны, но служат биомаркером иммунного воспаления. Диагностическая ценность обнаружения GFAP-АТ в цереброспинальной жидкости выше, чем в сыворотке крови, поскольку изолированное выявление GFAP-АТ в крови (но не в цереброспинальной жидкости) может наблюдаться и при других иммуноопосредованных заболеваниях с поражением центральной нервной системы. A-GFAP-A обычно поражает лиц старше 40 лет и в большинстве случаев проявляется острым или подострым развитием симптомов менингоэнцефаломиелита или его ограниченных форм. Характерным для A-GFAP-A МРТ-признаком является линейное периваскулярное радиальное контрастное усиление в белом веществе полушарий головного мозга, локализующееся перпендикулярно по отношению к желудочкам. Сопутствующие новообразования или аутоиммунные расстройства, а также ко-экспрессия с антинейрональными антителами — не редкость при A-GFAP-A. Заболевание, как правило, хорошо поддается иммунной терапии, хотя рецидивирующее течение, требующее длительной иммуносупрессии, и единичные случаи летального исхода также имеют место. Сведения об эпидемиологии, этиологии и патогенезе A-GFAP-A ещё достаточно ограничены. В связи с отсутствием данных долгосрочного наблюдения диагностические критерии, общепринятые схемы лечения, прогностические факторы для оценки риска рецидива и исхода заболевания не установлены. В статье представлено первое в России описание клинического случая рецидивирующей А-GFAP-A, а также приведён анализ литературы с освещением накопленных к настоящему времени знаний о патогенезе, клинической картине, а также трудностях диагностики и лечения A-GFAP-A.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GFAP</kwd><kwd>glial fibrillary acidic protein</kwd><kwd>autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy</kwd><kwd>autoimmune encephalitis</kwd><kwd>meningoencephalitis</kwd><kwd>meningoencephalomyelitis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>GFAP</kwd><kwd>глиальный фибриллярный кислый белок</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунная GFAP-астроцитопатия</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный энцефалит</kwd><kwd>менингоэнцефалит</kwd><kwd>менингоэнцефаломиелит</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fang B., McKeon A., Hinson S.R. et al. Autoimmune glial fibrillary aci-dic protein astrocytopathy: a novel meningoencephalomyelitis. 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