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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">948</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2023.2.10</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Technologies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">State-of-the-Art Technologies for Studying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Alzheimer's Disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные технологии изучения клеточно-молекулярных механизмов болезни Альцгеймера</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-9002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamedyarov</surname><given-names>Marat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухамедьяров</surname><given-names>Марат Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Department of normal physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой нормальной физиологии</p></bio><email>marat.muhamedyarov@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4926-3192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmadieva</surname><given-names>Liaisan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмадиева</surname><given-names>Ляйсан Айдаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, General medicine faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент лечебного факультета</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1577-9780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagiev</surname><given-names>Kerim K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагиев</surname><given-names>Керим Казбекович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, Department of the normal physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры нормальной физиологии</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-7815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zefirov</surname><given-names>Andrey L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зефиров</surname><given-names>Андрей Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Academician of RAS, Professor, Department of normal physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., академик РАН, профессор каф. нормальной физиологии</p></bio><email>annaly-nevrologii@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-03"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Mukhamedyarov M.A., Akhmadieva L.A., Nagiev K.K., Zefirov A.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Мухамедьяров М.А., Ахмадиева Л.А., Нагиев К.К., Зефиров А.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mukhamedyarov M.A., Akhmadieva L.A., Nagiev K.K., Zefirov A.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мухамедьяров М.А., Ахмадиева Л.А., Нагиев К.К., Зефиров А.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/948">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/948</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and cause of dementia. It is associated with progressive cognitive decline due to the development of cortical and hippocampal atrophy.</p> <p>We reviewed key factors in AD pathogenesis, such as synaptic dysfunction, accumulation and aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, tau phosphorylation causing neurofibrillary tangles, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. We studied the dysbiosis role in AD development and demonstrated how much the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain sheds new light on some pathogenic processes underlying AD. We reviewed state-of-the-art biomedical technologies for studying AD: transgenic models, electrophysiological techniques, optogenetics, multi-omics approaches, neuroimaging, etc. New biomedical technologies significantly expanded our current knowledge of the AD pathogenesis and laid the groundwork for state-of-the-art treatment approaches.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) является самым распространённым нейродегенеративным заболеванием и самой частой причиной деменции. Данное заболевание характеризуется прогрессирующим угасанием когнитивных функций, связанным с развитием атрофии коры больших полушарий и гиппокампа.</p> <p>В обзоре рассмотрены ключевые факторы патогенеза БА: дисфункция синапсов, накопление и агрегация β-амилоидного пептида, фосфорилирование тау-белка с формированием нейрофибриллярных клубков, митохондриальная дисфункция, нейровоспаление и др. Рассмотрено влияние дисбиоза кишечника на развитие заболевания и показано, в какой степени двусторонняя коммуникация головного мозга и кишечника позволяет переосмыслить ряд патогенетических процессов, лежащих в основе БА. Описаны современные биомедицинские технологии, применяющиеся для изучения БА: создание трансгенных моделей заболевания, электрофизиологические методы, оптогенетика, омиксные технологии, нейровизуализационные подходы и др. Применение новейших биомедицинских технологий позволило добиться значительного прогресса в расширении представлений о патогенетических механизмах БА, а также создаёт основу для разработки современных подходов к терапии данного заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>amyloid beta peptide</kwd><kwd>tauopathy</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>biomedical technologies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>β-амилоидный пептид</kwd><kwd>таупатия</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>дисбиоз кишечника</kwd><kwd>биомедицинские технологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>1/22-3</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Naseri N., Wang H., Guo J. et al. 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