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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">959</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2023.3.6</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the brain tissues during the learning process in Alzheimer's disease animal models</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности экспрессии Arc/Arg3.1 в ткани головного мозга при обучении животных с экспериментальной болезнью Альцгеймера</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazanova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанова</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, research assistant, Laboratory of neurobiology and tissue engineering, Brain Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, лаборант-исследователь, лаб. нейробиологии и тканевой инженерии Института мозга ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии», Москва, Россия</p></bio><email>Mashenka.ryazanova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1284-6711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Averchuk</surname><given-names>Anton S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверчук</surname><given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof., Laboratory of neurobiology and tissue engineering, Brain Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., доцент, лаб. нейробиологии и тканевой инженерии Института мозга ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии», Москва, Россия</p></bio><email>antonaverchuk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-0934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stavrovskaya</surname><given-names>Alla V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ставровская</surname><given-names>Алла Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher, Laboratory of experimental pathology of the nervous system and neuropharmacology, Brain Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., в.н.с. лаб. экспериментальной патологии нервной системы и нейрофармакологии Института мозга ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии», Москва, Россия</p></bio><email>alla_stav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-4679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozanova</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розанова</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research assistant, Laboratory of neurobiology and tissue engineering, Brain Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь, лаб. нейробиологии и тканевой инженерии Института мозга ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии», Москва, Россия</p></bio><email>nataliarozanovaa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Светлана Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of neurobiology and tissue engineering, Brain Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. нейробиологии и тканевой инженерии Института мозга ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии», Москва, Россия</p></bio><email>levik_82@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-6348</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salmina</surname><given-names>Alla B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салмина</surname><given-names>Алла Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., chief researcher, Head, Laboratory of neurobiology and tissue engineering, Brain Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, г.н.с., зав. лаб. нейробиологии и тканевой инженерии Института мозга ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии», Москва, Россия</p></bio><email>allasalmina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Ryazanova M.V., Averchuk A.S., Stavrovskaya A.V., Rozanova N.A., Novikova S.V., Salmina A.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Рязанова М.В., Аверчук А.С., Ставровская А.В., Розанова Н.А., Новикова С.В., Салмина А.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryazanova M.V., Averchuk A.S., Stavrovskaya A.V., Rozanova N.A., Novikova S.V., Salmina A.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рязанова М.В., Аверчук А.С., Ставровская А.В., Розанова Н.А., Новикова С.В., Салмина А.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/959">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/959</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Arc/Arg3.1 is a common marker of neuronal activation for learning and memorizing. Some experimental data show the Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the post-mitotic neurons of the neurogenic niches. At the same time, we still have to understand the importance of such an expression for neurogenesis induced by the learning or memorizing processes, in health and in disease.</p> <p><bold>Objective</bold>: to evaluate the changes in Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the post-mitotic neurons and to assess the proliferative activity of the neurogenic niche cells in Alzheimer's disease animal models.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. We divided the C57Bl/6В mice into 2 groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The experimental group were injected with the amyloid-β oligomers 25–35 in their CA1 hippocampal region while the control mice received normal saline injections in the same region. Passive Avoidance Test (PAT) was used to assess the cognitive functions from the day 9 after the intervention. One hour after each test session we collected the samples of brain tissues to immunohistochemically assess them for the Arc/Arg3.1 expression and PCNA cell proliferation marker.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>. At day 11 the count of Arc/Arg3.1<sup>+</sup>NeuN<sup>+</sup> cells in the subgranular zone had significantly increased. In animal neurodegeneration models the 1st and 2<sup>nd </sup>PAT sessions were associated with a significant increase in Arc/Arg3.1<sup>+</sup>NeuN<sup>+</sup> cells, although by the day 11 their count significantly decreased. The count of Arc/Arg3.1<sup>+ </sup>cells in the subventricular and subgranular zones had increased after the 3rd PAT session in the control group while in Alzheimer's disease animal models this was observed only after the 2nd PAT session. Preserved Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the subventricular zone is associated with the increased PCNA cell prolifera- tion marker expression. At the same time, the toxic effect of the amyloid-β oligomers suppressed the cells' proliferative activity in the subgranular zone at day 9.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions</bold>. Despite the toxic effect of the amyloid-β oligomers 25–35, the post-mitotic neurons of the neurogenic niches retained the ability to express Arc/Arg3.1 in vivo. The obtained results show a transient increase in sensitivity of the post-mitotic neurons of the neurogenic niches for the learning stimuli in the early stages of the Alzheimer-type neurodegeneration.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Arc/Arg3.1 является общепризнанным маркером активации нейронов при обучении и запоминании. Некоторые экспериментальные данные свидетельствуют об экспрессии Arc/Arg3.1 в постмитотических нейронах нейрогенных ниш, однако остаётся неясной роль такой экспрессии в регуляции нейрогенеза, стимулированного процессом обучения или воспоминания, в норме и при патологии.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования — оценить динамику экспрессии белка Arc/Arg3.1 в постмитотических нейронах и уровня пролиферативной активности клеток нейрогенных ниш у животных с экспериментальной моделью болезни Альцгеймера.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Для исследования были использованы две группы мышей линии C57Bl/6В — контрольная (n = 15) и опытная (n = 15), которым билатерально в CA1 области гиппокампа был введён физиологический раствор или олигомеры бета-амилоида 25-35 соответственно. Когнитивные функции оценивали в тесте условной реакции пассивного избегания (УРПИ) начиная с 9-х суток после оперативного вмешательства. Через 1 ч после выполнения каждой сессии теста осуществляли забор ткани головного мозга для иммуногистохимической оценки экспрессии Arc/Arg3.1 и маркера пролиферации клеток PCNA.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В субгранулярной зоне гиппокампа на 11-е сутки достоверно увеличивалось количество Arc/Arg3.1<sup>+</sup>NeuN<sup>+</sup>-клеток. У животных с моделью нейродегенерации 1-я и 2-я сессии теста УРПИ сопровождались существенным увеличением количества Arc/Arg3.1<sup>+</sup>NeuN<sup>+</sup>-клеток, но к 11-м суткам эксперимента их число достоверно уменьшалось. В субвентрикулярной зоне, как и в субгранулярной зоне, в контроле регистрировали увеличение числа Arc/Arg3.1<sup>+</sup>-клеток после 3-й сессии, а у животных с моделью болезни Альцгеймера — лишь после 2-й сессии в тесте УРПИ. Сохранность экспрессии Arc/Arg3.1 в субвентрикулярной зоне сопровождается увеличенной экспрессией маркера пролиферации PCNA, тогда как в субгранулярной зоне гиппокампа токсическое действие бета-амилоида на 9-е сутки подавляло пролиферативную активность клеток.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Постмитотические нейроны нейрогенных ниш сохраняют способность к экспрессии Arc/Arg3.1 при активации на фоне токсического действия бета-амилоида 25–35 in vivo. Наши результаты демонстрируют транзиторное увеличение чувствительности постмитотических нейронов нейрогенных ниш к обучающим стимулам на ранних стадиях развития нейродегенерации альцгеймеровского типа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Arc/Arg3.1</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>plasticity</kwd><kwd>neurogenesis</kwd><kwd>neurogenic niche</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Arc/Arg3.1</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>пластичность</kwd><kwd>нейрогенез</kwd><kwd>нейрогенная ниша</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-15-00126</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Scopa C., Marrocco F., Latina V. et al. 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