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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">978</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2023.4.5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term Intracerebroventricular Administration of Ouabain Causes Motor Impairments in C57Bl/6 Mice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хроническое внутрижелудочковое введение уабаина вызывает моторные нарушения у мышей линии C57Bl/6</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-8767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshina</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошина</surname><given-names>Юлия Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>
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</p><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Higher Nervous Activity, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Neurochemistry, Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology</p>


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<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, кафедра высшей нервной деятельности биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»; м.н.с. лаб. экспериментальной и трансляционной нейрохимии Института мозга ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</p></bio><email>july.timoschina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2194-6749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazanskaya</surname><given-names>Rogneda B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанская</surname><given-names>Рогнеда Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University; Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Neurochemistry, Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант биологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»; лаборант-исследователь лаборатории экспериментальной и трансляционной нейрохимии Института мозга ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</p></bio><email>st059046@student.spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6576-3373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavialov</surname><given-names>Vladislav A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялов</surname><given-names>Владислав Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student, Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Biomedicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, лаборант лаборатории нейробиологии и молекулярной фармакологии Института трансляционной биомедицины </p></bio><email>vladislavletsgo@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-887X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volnova</surname><given-names>Anna B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вольнова</surname><given-names>Анна Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Department of General Physiology, Biolodical Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., с.н.с. каф. общей физиологии биологического факультета </p></bio><email>a.volnova@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-4013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Latanov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Латанов</surname><given-names>Александр Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Head, Department of Higher Nervous Activity, Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., проф., зав. каф. высшей нервной деятельности биологического факультета </p></bio><email>latanov@neurobiology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-1640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Tatiana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Neurochemistry, Brain Science Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., г.н.с., зав. лаб. экспериментальной и трансляционной нейрохимии Института мозга </p></bio><email>tnf51@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2951-6038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainetdinov</surname><given-names>Raul R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнетдинов</surname><given-names>Рауль Радикович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Scientific Director, Clinic of High Medical Technologies named after N.I. Pirogov, Director, Institute of Translational Biomedicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. лаб. нейробиологии и молекулярной фармакологии, научный руководитель Клиники высоких медицинских технологий им. Н.И. Пирогова, директор Института трансляционной биомедицины </p></bio><email>gainetdinov.raul@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-3899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopachev</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопачев</surname><given-names>Александр Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Neurochemistry, Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology; Researcher, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., н.с., лаб. экспериментальной и трансляционной нейрохимии Института мозга ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»; н.с. лаб. нейробиологии и молекулярной фармакологии, ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</p></bio><email>lopachev@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-17"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Timoshina Y.A., Kazanskaya R.B., Zavialov V.A., Volnova A.B., Latanov A.V., Fedorova T.N., Gainetdinov R.R., Lopachev A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Тимошина Ю.А., Казанская Р.Б., Завьялов В.А., Вольнова А.Б., Латанов А.В., Федорова Т.Н., Гайнетдинов Р.Р., Лопачев А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timoshina Y.A., Kazanskaya R.B., Zavialov V.A., Volnova A.B., Latanov A.V., Fedorova T.N., Gainetdinov R.R., Lopachev A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимошина Ю.А., Казанская Р.Б., Завьялов В.А., Вольнова А.Б., Латанов А.В., Федорова Т.Н., Гайнетдинов Р.Р., Лопачев А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/978">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/978</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction<italic>.</italic></bold> Cardiac glycosides are natural ligands of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase, which regulate its activity and signaling. Intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain has been previously shown to induce hyperlocomotion in C57Bl/6 mice via a decrease in the rate of dopamine reuptake from the synaptic cleft.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods<italic>.</italic></bold> This study involved forty C57BL/6 mice. 1.5 μL of 50 μM ouabain was administered daily into the left lateral cerebral ventricle over the course of 4 days. On day 5, open field, beam balance, and ladder rung walking tests were performed to assess the locomotor activity and motor impairments in the mice. We evaluated changes in the activation of signaling cascades, ratios of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins, and the amount of α1 and α3 isoforms of the Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase α-subunit in brain tissue using Western blotting. Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity was evaluated in the crude synaptosomal fractions of the brain tissues.</p> <p><bold>Results<italic>.</italic></bold> We observed hyperlocomotion and stereotypic behavior during the open field test 24 hours after the last injection of ouabain. On day 5, the completion time and the number of errors made in the beam balance and ladder rung walking tests increased in the mice that received ouabain. Akt kinase activity decreased in the striatum, whereas the ratio of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins and the number of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase α-subunits did not change. Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity increased in the striatum and decreased in the brainstem.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions<italic>.</italic></bold> Long-term exposure to ouabain causes motor impairments mediated by changes in the activation of signaling cascades in dopaminergic neurons.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение<italic>.</italic></bold> Кардиотонические стероиды являются природными лигандами Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-АТФазы, которые регулируют её активность и сигнальную функцию. Ранее было показано, что уабаин при однократном внутрижелудочковом введении вызывает гиперлокомоцию у мышей линии C57Bl/6 вследствие уменьшения скорости обратного захвата дофамина из синаптической щели.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы<italic>.</italic></bold> В исследовании были использованы 40 мышей линии C57Bl/6. На протяжении 4 дней животным ежедневно вводили 1,5 мкл 50 мкМ уабаина в латеральный желудочек головного мозга. На 5-й день производили оценку локомоторной активности и моторных нарушений при помощи тестов «открытое поле», «удержание на планке» и «лесенка с перекладинами». В тканях мозга оценивали изменение активации сигнальных каскадов, соотношения про- и антиапоптотических белков, а также количества α1- и α3-изоформ α-субъединицы Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-АТФазы при помощи иммуноблоттинга. Активность Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-АТФазы оценивали в грубой синаптосомальной фракции тканей мозга.</p> <p><bold>Результаты<italic>.</italic></bold> Через 24 ч после последнего введения уабаина у мышей наблюдались гиперлокомоция и стереотипность движений в тесте «открытое поле». У мышей, получавших уабаин, на 5-й день эксперимента увеличивалось время прохождения и количество ошибок в тестах «лесенка с перекладинами» и «удержание на планке». В стриатуме мышей активность киназы Akt снижалась, соотношение про- и антиапоптотических белков не менялось, как и количество α-субъединиц Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-АТФазы. Активность Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-АТФазы увеличивалась в стриатуме и уменьшалась в стволе головного мозга.</p> <p><bold>Выводы<italic>.</italic></bold> Продолжительное воздействие уабаина вызывает моторные нарушения, опосредованные изменениями активации сигнальных каскадов в нейронах дофаминергической системы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Na+/K+-ATPase</kwd><kwd>ouabain</kwd><kwd>cardiac glycosides</kwd><kwd>dopaminergic system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Na+,K+-АТФаза</kwd><kwd>уабаин</kwd><kwd>кардиотонические стероиды</kwd><kwd>дофаминергическая система</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-75-10131</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">СПбГУ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>94030300</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ogawa H., Shinoda T., Cornelius F., Toyoshima C. 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