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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2075-5473</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-2533</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">993</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54101/ACEN.2024.1.8</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neuroplasticity, music, and human brain</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нейропластичность, музыка и мозг</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8013-2748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogolepova</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боголепова</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Full Member of RAS, Head, Laboratory of cytoarchitectonics and brain evolution, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, зав. лаб. цитоархитектоники и эволюции мозга Института мозга</p></bio><email>bogolepovaira@gmail.com</email><uri>https://istina.msu.ru/profile/Bogolepova/</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-4554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotenkova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротенкова</surname><given-names>Марина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of radiation diagnostics, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., рук. отд. лучевой диагностики Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>bogolepovaira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-245X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>Rodion N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Родион Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Department of radiation diagnostics, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с. отд. лучевой диагностики Института клинической и профилактической неврологии</p></bio><email>bogolepovaira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-7057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agapov</surname><given-names>Pavel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агапов</surname><given-names>Павел Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher, Laboratory of cytoarchitectonics and brain evolution, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., с.н.с. лаб. цитоархитектоники и эволюции мозга Института мозга</p></bio><email>bogolepovaira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5633-8061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malofeeva</surname><given-names>Irina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малофеева</surname><given-names>Ирина Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher, Laboratory of cytoarchitectonics and brain evolution, Brain Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаб. цитоархитектоники и эволюции мозга Института мозга</p></bio><email>bogolepovaira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3352-5255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikmeev</surname><given-names>Alexander T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикмеев</surname><given-names>Александр Тимерзянович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Head, Laboratory of mathematical modeling, Institute of Fundamental Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., зав. лаб. математического моделирования Института фундаментальной медицины</p></bio><email>bogolepovaira@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Bogolepova I.N., Krotenkova M.V., Konovalov R.N., Agapov P.A., Malofeeva I.G., Bikmeev A.T.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Боголепова И.Н., Кротенкова М.В., Коновалов Р.Н., Агапов П.А., Малофеева И.Г., Бикмеев А.Т.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogolepova I.N., Krotenkova M.V., Konovalov R.N., Agapov P.A., Malofeeva I.G., Bikmeev A.T.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боголепова И.Н., Кротенкова М.В., Коновалов Р.Н., Агапов П.А., Малофеева И.Г., Бикмеев А.Т.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/993">https://annaly-nevrologii.com/pathID/article/view/993</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Studying the influence of music on the human brain is one of the key topics in neuroscience as it allows extending our understanding of brain neuroplasticity.</p> <p><bold>This study aimed </bold>to investigate structural brain organization in professional musicians.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> We investigated 27 brains (i.e. 54 hemispheres) of male musicians, female musicians, male non-musicians, and female non-musicians by magnetic resonance imaging. All study participants were aged 20 to 30 years and did not have any mental or neurological disorders. Gray matter volume and cortex thickness in different cortical structures of the right and left hemispheres were measured.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> We found major changes in the brain structure in professional musicians (both male and female) vs. non-musicians. We found differences in the macroscopic structure of the triangular region in the Broca’s motor speech area in musicians’ brain. Increases in gray matter volume in the brain of musicians and its individual cortical structures were shown in the superior temporal region, Broca’s motor speech area, hippocampus, superior parietal lobule, and other structures. We found increased thickness of cortical structures in musicians vs. non-musicians.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Practicing music regularly was shown to change structural brain organization; we found significant increases in gray matter volume and cortex thickness in various cortical structures in the right and left brain hemispheres of musicians vs. non-musicians.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Изучение влияния музыки на мозг человека является одной из важных проблем нейронауки, т.к. позволяет расширить наше представление о нейропластичности мозга.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> исследования — изучение особенностей структурной организации мозга профессиональных музыкантов.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>С помощью магнитно-резонансной томографии исследовали 27 мозгов (54 полушария) мужчин-музыкантов, женщин-музыкантов и людей, не имеющих отношения к музыке. Все исследуемые были в возрасте 20–30 лет, без неврологических и психических заболеваний. Измеряли объём серого вещества и толщину коры различных корковых формаций в правом и левом полушариях мозга.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Установлены принципиальные изменения строения мозга профессиональных музыкантов (мужчин и женщин) в сравнении с мозгом людей, не имеющих отношения к музыке. Отмечены особенности макроскопического строения триангулярной области речедвигательной зоны Брока мозга музыкантов. Установлено увеличение объёма серого вещества мозга музыкантов и его отдельных корковых формаций, в частности, верхней височной извилины, речедвигательной зоны Брока, гиппокампа, верхней теменной дольки и ряда других структур. Показано увеличение толщины коры корковых структур мозга музыкантов в сравнении с мозгом немузыкантов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Систематические занятия музыкой изменяют структурную организацию мозга, установлено значительное увеличение объёма серого вещества и толщины коры различных корковых формаций в правом и левом полушариях мозга музыкантов по сравнению с людьми контрольной группы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>male</kwd><kwd>female</kwd><kwd>music</kwd><kwd>cortical structures</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мозг</kwd><kwd>мужчина</kwd><kwd>женщина</kwd><kwd>музыка</kwd><kwd>корковые формации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fuchs E., Flügge G. Adult neuroplasticity: more than 40 years of research. Neural. 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