Оптическая когерентная томография (ОКТ) – неинвазивный метод исследования для получения поперечных изображений тканей in vivo. В неврологии ОКТ используется для оценки изменений сетчатки при различных заболеваниях, в том числе при рассеянном склерозе, оптикомиелите и оптикомиелит-ассоциированных расстройствах. При этих демиелинизирующих заболеваниях в патологический процесс вовлекается не только сам зрительный нерв, но и ганглиозные клетки сетчатки и их аксоны, – так называемый ганглиозный комплекс сетчатки, а также слой нервных волокон сетчатки. В последнее десятилетие ОКТ, при помощи которой можно оценить изменения в указанных слоях сетчатки, стала использоваться как высокочувствительная технология для оценки нейродегенерации. В статье обсуждается возможность применения ОКТ для дифференциальной диагностики демиелинизирующих заболеваний центральной нервной системы, а также в качестве метода мониторинга повреждения нервной ткани при демиелинизирующих заболеваниях.
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