Vol 2, No 4 (2008)

Original articles

Epidemiology of parkinsonism in the Krasnoyarsk region

Pokhabov D.V., Abramov V.G., Nesterova Y.V.

Abstract

The authors present a 5-year experience of register of parkinsonism in the Krasnoyarsk region. The register comprises 826 patients with different forms of parkinsonism. The great majority of the revealed cases (79,1%) falls into Parkinson’s disease (PD), more rare are vascular (11,3%) and neuroleptic parkinsonism (2,1%), as well as neurodegenerative syndromes from the group of «parkinsonism-plus» (2,9% in total). The prevalence of PD in the Krasnoyarsk city is 62.72 per 100 000 in general population and 261.25 per 100 000 in the population above 65 years of age, that corresponds to the data in other populations; at the same time, lower figures in the Krasnoyarsk region (22.57 per 100 000 in general population and 100.32 per 100 000 in the population above 65 years of age) suggest, most probably, low detectability of this condition in primary care hospitals of the region. We detected earlier debut of PD in patients working in chemical industry (62,27±5,69 years), as well as in veterinaries and cattlemen (57,54±4,91), which may serve as confirmation of the discussed in the literature connection between PD and some neurotoxins used in the agriculture. High prevalence of cognitive disturbances of various severity in PD was registered (79,2% patients in total), and higher frequency and severity of cognitive decline was seen in an akineticrigid form of the disease.

 
Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2008;2(4):4-9
pages 4-9 views

Change of the nature of dystonic hyperkinesis in patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis following recurrent injections of botulotoxin A

Likhachev S.A., Chernukha T.N.

Abstract

The data of the 6-year follow-up of 101 patients with spasmodic torticollis (ST) receiving regular treatment with botulotoxin type A (BTA) in Belarus are presented. The comparison group comprised 74 patients suffering from ST and receiving traditional therapy without BTA. Stable positive effect of BTA on repeat injections every 6–10 months was revealed. On this background, the amount of combined forms of ST, as well as the number of cases of retro- and laterokollis, increased, and a part of the patients displayed the «bayonet» symptom. Change in the head posture required changes in the selection of target muscles for BTA injection. Clinical example of high efficacy of longterm therapy with 8 consecutive injections is presented. Even with long intervals (9–18 months) between repeat BTA injections, the degree of ST severity did not reach the initial values.

 
Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2008;2(4):10-16
pages 10-16 views

Acute phase of ischemic stroke in diabetes mellitus of type II

Ermolaeva A.I.

Abstract

Examination of 102 patients with acute ischemic stroke and diabetes mellitus of type II was carried out. Cerebral ischemia developed on the background of concomitant risk factors: hypertension, coronary disease, and dislipidemia. Ischemic stroke in diabetes mellitus type II has several characteristic features in the acute phase: it occurs frequently in the period of patient’s daily activity, clinical presentations are more severe and include severe disturbances of consciousness and marked focal neurological symptoms. Repeated strokes occur in 33% of cases. According to pathogenetic subtype, atherothrombotic stroke is prevalent in diabetes mellitus of type II. Computed tomography in the majority of patients showed multiple small cysts, leucoaraosis and atrophic changes, that suggests the presence  of long-term chronic insufficiency of cerebral blood flow.

 
Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2008;2(4):17-21
pages 17-21 views

Ultrastructure of synapses of human cerebral cortex in the old age

Bogolepov N.N.

Abstract

In the present electron-microscopic study, changes of ultrastructure of synapses in the sensory-motor and frontal cerebral cortex in humans of old age are demonstrated. Abnormalities of distribution of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic ending and changes of  mechanisms  of  their  rapprochement  and  attachment  to  the presynaptic membrane were found. Analysis of the obtained results suggests that disturbed interaction between synaptic vesicles and presynaptic membrane represents a stage preceding the destruction and disappearance of the synapse

 
Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2008;2(4):22-27
pages 22-27 views

Reviews

Clinical and genetic characteristics of hereditary laminopathies

Dadaly E.L., Bileva D.S., Ugarov I.V.

Abstract

Naminopathies belong to a wide allelic series of diseases caused by mutations of one gene, LMNA, encoding for protein lamin A/C. Different mutations in the LMNA gene cause autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy 1A, familial partial lipodystrophy, atypical Werner’s syndrome, Hutchinson–Gilford progeria and motor-sensory neuropathy type 2B1. In the review, the lamin structure and functions, clinical characteristics of hereditary  laminopathies, their etiology, pathogenesis and molecular bases are discussed.

 
Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2008;2(4):28-33
pages 28-33 views

Technologies

Virtual reality in neurorehabilitation

Ustinova K.I., Chernikova L.A.

Abstract

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Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2008;2(4):34-39
pages 34-39 views

Clinical analysis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis with adult onset

Kotov A.S., Rudakova I.G., Kotov S.V., Belova Y.A.

Abstract

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare inflammatory brain disease characterized by severe intractable epilepsy and unilateral progressive motor defect associated with contralateral hemispheric atrophy. The authors present clinical features, EEG and MRI data and results of effective treatment of patient with adult onset RE. Despite the predominance of RE in children, stressed is the necessity of taking into consideration this condition in adults as well in differential diagnostics of intractable epilepsies.

 
Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology. 2008;2(4):40-44
pages 40-44 views


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