Vol 8, No 4 (2014)

We conducted an epidemiological study of an open population (aged 40–59 yrs) restricted to the two therapeutic clusters of a regional out-patient clinic, Ulyanovsk city. A total of 500 people were examined, including 157 men and 343 women. The mean age was 51.1±6.8 yrs. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 46.8% of the population. The prevalence of “definite” cases of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) was 25.4%, including: hypertensive cerebral crises (HCC) – 3.6%, transient ischemic attacks – 0.6%, stroke – 3.6%, initial stages of cerebrovascular disease (ISCVD) –7.0%, and chronic cerebrovascular disease (CCD) – 10.6%. The prevalence of all types of CVD was similar among both sexes, with the exception of HCC occurring much more frequently in women. Two types of CVD dominated in the structure of CVD, CCI and ISCVD (68.8% of all registered cases of CVD). A significant prevalence (52%) of initial-stage cases of CVD, ISCVD and CCI-stage I, underlines the need for active preventive measures of acute and severe chronic forms of CVD.

The article presents epidemiological data concerning studies of hereditary diseases of the nervous system (HDNS) in the territory of Hissar district of Tajikistan. In total, 76 patients were identified (including 52 men and 24 women), and 9 different forms of HDNS were diagnosed. Among all forms, the most frequent form was limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (n=24), the prevalence of which was 8.4 per 100 000 population, which is 2.5 times higher than in districts of Khatlon region of the country. The lowest frequency was registered for Bekker progressive muscular dystrophy (n=1). The HDNS prevalence ratio between rural and urban areas was 1:1 (2.9 and 2.8 per 10 000 population, respectively). The total prevalence of HDNS all over the region was 28.8 per 100 000 population.

Human dorsal thalamic nuclei (VA, VL and Md), striatum, pallidum and capsula interna were studied. Structural elements of neurons that provide afferent and efferent innervation of blood vessels in the human brain were stained for NADPhdiaphorase, parvalbumin and calretinin. Such approach revealing immunoreactive neurons with their branches made it possible to identify two types of neurons: long-axonal and shortaxonal. Dendrite-vascular and axon- vascular contacts of these immunoreactive neurons were shown.

Presented are the clinical spectrum and the frequency of main forms of extrapyramidal movement disorders in patients after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. The major cause of movement disorders in these cases are lesions within the basal ganglia and the thalamus. In the review, most important approaches to the therapy of post-stroke movement disorders, including surgery, are analyzed, and questions of long-term prognosis of poststroke movement disorders are discussed.

The success of treatment of acute leukemia in children is determined by the biological type of the disdorder, the volume of the tumor mass, extramedullary manifestations and toxic complications resulting from chemotherapy. Analysis of risk factors, clinical data and neuroimaging may help to clarify the cause of the pathology of the central nervous system and to select the optimal method of treatment.

A new technology, vertigometry, is developed to qualify the severuty of vertigo. It is based on videostimulation of patient withpanoramic images in horizontal and vertical planes, which is modeling systemic vertigo. With the use of this method, direction and severity of rotating vertigo were determined through different-velocity videostimulation with panoramic images in patients with vestibular dysfunction. It was found that positiondependent peripheral vestibular syndrome is characterized by hight velocity of visual vertigo, from 1116.3 to 149.5 °/s, while cervical induced vertigo is characterized by velocity of 31.9 to 65.1 °/s (p<0.05). Patients with psychogenic vertigo could not present clearly the direction and intensity of their vertigo.

We described the clinical features of urination apraxia as one of post-stroke cortical neurogenic disturbances of bladder function. Neurological and urological symptoms and the data of urodynamic and neurophysiological studies in a patient with urination apraxia resulting from the right-hemispheric lesion in the projection of cingulate gyrus are demonstrated. The differential diagnosis was carried out with the case of motor detrusor atony after stroke in the right temporal lobe and the insula, and with the case of imperative urination after stroke in the left frontal lobe in the projection of cingulate gyrus.