Vol 8, No 1 (2014)

The planning and assessment of therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at decreasing the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are impossible without reliable information concerning basic epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors (RF) for these disorders. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of risk factors for CVD among people aged 40–59 years old. As a part of a general population screening 157 males and 343 females underwent standardized examination. Data obtained from the study suggest the following prevalence of RF: positive family history of cardiovascular diseases – 17%, hypertension – 47%, ischemic heart disease – 9%, diabetes – 3.4%, atrial fibrillation – 1.8%, transient ischemic attacks – 1.4%, hypertensive cerebral crisis – 5.6%. Behavioural risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol abuse and low physical activity, were also assessed. Differences in frequency of risk factors detection depending on sex, age and education have been furthermore demonstrated. These data substantiate the necessity of improving the effectiveness of preventive measures among people aged 40–59 years old, and might be used for planning and assessment of the therapeutic and preventive care.

Aim of this study was to learn frequency and features of neurological signs in patients with vitamin В12-deficiency anemia. 52 patients were observed. 30 patients (57%) had clinical signs of funicular myelosis. It was manifested by sensory disorders, achille and knee reflexes changes, walking disturbances. Complete reduction of neurological signs is possible only in mild grade of funicular myelosis.

An comparative analysis of oxidation of low density lipoproteins/verylow density lipoproteins, and a clinical severity of acute and chronic cerebrovascular diseases was performed. To assess the intensity of lipid peroxidation we estimated several kinetic parameters of ferrous iron-induced chemiluminescence.
In this article we present the results of the clinical and biochemical assessment of 412 patients with wide spectrum of cerebrovascular diseases, such as acute stroke (n=179), chronic cerebrovascular disease (n=105), hypertensive crisis (n=60), hypertension without cerebral symptoms (n=47), and initial stages of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (n=21). We showed that lipid oxidation becomes evident even on the early stages of cerebrovascular diseases, and then progresses gradually following clinical severity of the disease, and the intensity of the peroxidation rises significantly in chronic and acute forms of cerebrovascular diseases.

The review examines the current in vitro, in silico and trangenic experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease, is widely used for comprehensive studies of the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative process. The experimental model should have a constructive, face and predictive validity, i.e. it must be established based on the known mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the disease and to ensure the development of symptoms characteristic of the disease, the severity of the past shall be reduced by the action of pharmacological agents already tested. Noted that transgenic models have high face and proven constructive validity.

This article devoted to the diagnosis of intracranial hypertension in patients with intracranial hemorrhages. The persistent increase of intracranial pressure leads to disruption of cerebral perfusion, brain edema and ischemia. In this regard, fast correction of intracranial hypertension is one of the important tasks of intensive care patients with intracranial hemorrhages. The paper details the modern principles of measuring intracranial pressure.

Dissection is the blood entrance from the lumen to vascular wall through the intimal tear. Dissections more often occur in internal carotid artery (ICA). The blood accumulating within the wall (intramural hematoma) may lead to: 1) the compression of the arterial lumen resulting in cerebral ischemia; 2) perivascular nerve damage causing headache, neck pain and Horner syndrome; 3) block of the ostiums of the arteries arising from ICA and supplying cranial nerves with consequent ischemia of these nerves. In this paper we present medical histories of three our patients (out of 88) with ICA dissection and different clinical manifestations. The questions of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of the ICA dissection are discussed.